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Intro to Speech & Language Disorders 4411 > Lecture #3b - anatomy of hearing > Flashcards

Lecture #3b - anatomy of hearing Flashcards

1
Q

define hearing :

A

sense through which spoken language or non-speech sounds are received, transmitted and processed by the auditory system

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2
Q

how many components does the auditory system has?

A

2

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3
Q

what are the two components of the auditory system ?

A

peripheral auditory system & central auditory system

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4
Q

where anatomically is considered the peripheral auditory system ?

A

outer ear to auditory nerve

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5
Q

where anatomically is considered the central auditory system ?

A

beyond auditory nerve to cerebral cortex

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6
Q

what are the parts of the peripheral auditory system ?

A
  1. outer ear
  2. middle ear
  3. inner ear “cochlea”
  4. auditory nerve
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7
Q

what are the two key components of the outer ear ?

A

pinna (auricle) and external ear canal

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8
Q

what term is used to describe the “visible cartilaginous portion” ?

A

pinna

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the pinna varies in size and shape ?

A

TRUE (everyone can have different ear sizes)

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10
Q

what are some functions of the pinna ?

A
  • protects middle ear from damage
  • helps eliminate front-back confusion
  • collects sounds
  • enhances sound pressure of high frequency sounds
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11
Q

what is the MAIN function ofthe pinna ?

A

to protect from foreign substances

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12
Q

when the pinna collects sound what do they do with it ?

A

they move it in and towards the middle ear

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13
Q

what is the part of the ear that we usually pierce called ?

A

lobule

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14
Q

what part of the ear has the largest blood supply and can helps to distribute warmth and balance ?

A

lobule

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15
Q

where is the “helix” on the ear ?

A

the outer rim of the ear

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16
Q

what is the tragus ?

A
  • a small piece of cartilage
  • role to ditect sounds inwards and detect where sounds are coming from
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17
Q

what is the lobule’s major function ?

A

to supply blood and maintain warmth and balance

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18
Q

what is another term for the external ear canal ?

A

external auditory meatus

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19
Q

what is the external ear canal ?

A

tunnel between pinna and the eardrum

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20
Q

the external ear canal is a tunnel between what two parts ?

A

the pinna and the eardrum

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21
Q

what is the external ear canal made out of when near the pinna ?

A

cartilaginous

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22
Q

what is the external ear canal made out of when near the eardrum ?

A

bony

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23
Q

in the average adult, how long is the external ear canal tunnel ?

A

around 2.5 cm

24
Q

what direction is the external ear canal angled towards in adults ?

A

angled downwards

25
Q

what direction is the external ear canal angled towards in children ?

A

horizontally

26
Q

why are children more prone to ear infections ?

A

adults’ ear canal is angled downwards which makes it harder for foreigh substances to get in whereas children’s are angled horizontalloy therefore easier to get infected

27
Q

what are the external ear canal functions ?

A
  • protects eardrum from trauma
  • produces cerumen to keep skin moist and trap debris
  • enhances sound pressure of mid/high frequency
28
Q

what is cerumen ?

A

earwax

29
Q

what is mid/high-frequency ?

A

2500-3500 Hz sounds by around 15 db SPL

30
Q

what shape does the eardrum have ?

A

”s” shape

31
Q

what are the key components of the middle ear ?

A
  1. middle ear cavity
  2. tympanic membrane (eardrum)
  3. ossicles
  4. eustacian tube
32
Q

what is the more common term used for tympanic membrane ?

A

eardrum

33
Q

where is the auditory nerve located in the ear?

A

all the way at the back

34
Q

where is the middle ear cavity located between ?

A

external auditory meatus and cochlea

35
Q

are there bones in the middle ear ?

A

yes

36
Q

what is the bone in the middle ear covered by ?

A

thing mucous membrane

37
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

the middle ear is a hollow space between ____________

A

temporal bone (less than around 2cc in volume)

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

ideally the middle ear cavity is filled with air

A

TRUE

but not fully fluid

39
Q

what does it mean if our middle ear cavity is not filled with air ?

A

you probably have an ear infection

40
Q

where can we find the tympanic membrane ?

A

right at the end of the ear canal

41
Q

what is the tympanic membrane stretched across ?

A

stretched across opening of external ear canal (concave boundary between outer and middle ears

42
Q

what is the size of the tumpanic membrane ?

A

very thin (0.07mm)

43
Q

what term is defined as “flexible and strong”

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

44
Q

what part of the ear creates the signal ?

A

middle creates signal

45
Q

what does the tympanic membrane move in response to ?

A

sound presssure

46
Q

how many layers of the tympanic membrane ?

A

3

47
Q

what are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane ?

A
  • skin
  • fibrouss connective tissue
  • mucous membrane
48
Q

where is the malleus embedded ?

A

in the middle ear (tympanic membrane)

49
Q

FILL IN THE BLANK

the malleus is embedde in the middle ear to support __________

A

transmission of sound

50
Q

what is the primary function of the outer ear?

a) to amplify sound
b) to convert sound waves into electrical signal
c) to collect and direct sound waves into the ear canal
d) to house the sensory cells for balance

A

c) to collect and direct sound waves into the ear canal

51
Q

what is the visible part of the outer ear called ?

a) cochlea
b) auricle (pinna)
c) tympanic membrane
d) eustrachian tube

A

b) auricle (pinna)

52
Q

the external auditory canal (external acoustuc meatus) extends from the :

a) auricle to the cochlea
b) auricle to the tympanic membrane
c) tympanic membrane to the cochlea
d) cochlea to the brain

A

b) auricle to the tympanic membrane

53
Q

what is the primary role of the cerumen (earwax) produced in the outer ear ?

a) to protect and lubricate the ear canal
b) to amplify sound
c) to detect sound frequency
d) to transmit sound waves to the cochlea

A

a) to protect and lubricate the ear canal

54
Q

the outer ear is primarily involved in which aspect of hearing ?

a) sound amplification
b) sound frequency discrimination
c) sound signal transduction
d) sound localization and collection

A

d) sound localization and collection

55
Q

what is the primary function of teh tympanic membrane ?

a) to transmit sound waves to the cochlea
b) to covert sound waves into electrical signals
c) to vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to the middle ear
d) to prtect the inner ear from damage

A

c) to vibrate in response to sound waves and transmit vibrations to the middle ear

56
Q

the tympanic membrane is made up of how many layers ?

a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four

A

c) three

Intro to Speech & Language Disorders 4411 (17 decks)

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