Sleep/Sleep Disorders Flashcards
What happens when we don’t sleep?
7
- Slower brain waves in frontal cortex
- Shortened attention span
- Higher anxiety
- Imparied memory
- Negative mood
- Decreased temp
- Increased appetite
Purpose of Sleep
4
- Restoration
- Memory consolidation
- Tissue repair
- Dreams
Non-REM Sleep Stage 1
6
- Occurs in the beginning of sleep
- Slow eye movement (relaxed wakefulness)
- Alpha waves disappear
- Theta waves appear
- Hypnic jerks common
- People aroused believe that have been fully awake
Stage 2 Non REM
5
- No eye movement
- Dreaming is rare
- Easily awakened
- Sleep spindles: short burts of high frequency of brain activity
- K-complexes: large spikes in brain activity
Stage 3-Non REM
4
- Slow wave
- Onset delta waves
- Associated w/ deep sleep
- Dreaming can happen (less likely)
REM Sleep “awakened state”
- Low muscle tone throughout body
- Vivid dreams
- Low-voltage desynchronized brain waves
- Large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and circulation
- Preservation of certain types of memories: procedural, spatial, and emotional
Insomnia Disorder
Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep for 3+ months
Insomnia Tx
Stimulus control
- Behavioral-stimulus control (lie down when tired, use bed only to sleep)
Insomnia Treatment
General Strategies
- Consistent bedtime/awake time
- No naps
- No caffeine past noon
- Exercise minimum of 2 hours pre bed time
- Avoid noise/ excessive temps
Insomnia Tx
Pharmacological
- Benzos-induce sleep and increase sleep duration. Not used long term. They Decrease slow wave sleep
- Non-Benzos (zolpidem)-fewer side effects
Hypersomnolence Disorder
Excessive sleepiness despite sufficient sleep (7+ hrs)
Hypersomnolence Disorder Etiology and Tx
- Nonspecific etiology
- Stimulants (modafinil)
Narcolepsy
Recurrent irresistible sleep occurring within the same day, several times per week for 3+ months and has 1+ symptom
Cataplexy
Sudden, brief loss of voluntary muscle tone that is typically preciptated by emotion
Seen in Narcolepsy
Cataplexy
Sudden, brief loss of voluntary muscle tone that is typically preciptated by emotion
Seen in Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy Treatment
- Stimulants to treat somnolence
- Antidepressants to treat cataplexy
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea (OSAH)
- Multiple episodes of cessation of breathing per night caused by solft palate obstructing upper airway
- Rise in CO2 levels
In OSAH do people move from light sleep to deep sleep?
NO-deep to light
Profile of pt with OSAH
Middle Aged
Overweight Male
Snores loudly and intermittently
Treatment of OSAH
5
- CPAP
- Weight loss
- Orthodontic device
- Surgery
- Avoiding back sleeping
Central Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Criteria
2 + episodes of breathing cessation per night caused by CNS dysregulation of breathing
Tx of CSA
Respiratory stimulants
Does OSAH or CSA have thoracic effort?
OSAH
What is Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder
and Tx
Mismatch of sleepiness or insomnia due to circadian sleep-wake schedule
Tx: phototherapy