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Psychopathology > Sleep/Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep/Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when we don’t sleep?

7

A
  1. Slower brain waves in frontal cortex
  2. Shortened attention span
  3. Higher anxiety
  4. Imparied memory
  5. Negative mood
  6. Decreased temp
  7. Increased appetite
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2
Q

Purpose of Sleep

4

A
  1. Restoration
  2. Memory consolidation
  3. Tissue repair
  4. Dreams
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3
Q

Non-REM Sleep Stage 1

6

A
  • Occurs in the beginning of sleep
  • Slow eye movement (relaxed wakefulness)
  • Alpha waves disappear
  • Theta waves appear
  • Hypnic jerks common
  • People aroused believe that have been fully awake
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4
Q

Stage 2 Non REM

5

A
  1. No eye movement
  2. Dreaming is rare
  3. Easily awakened
  4. Sleep spindles: short burts of high frequency of brain activity
  5. K-complexes: large spikes in brain activity
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5
Q

Stage 3-Non REM

4

A
  1. Slow wave
  2. Onset delta waves
  3. Associated w/ deep sleep
  4. Dreaming can happen (less likely)
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6
Q

REM Sleep “awakened state”

A
  1. Low muscle tone throughout body
  2. Vivid dreams
  3. Low-voltage desynchronized brain waves
  4. Large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and circulation
  5. Preservation of certain types of memories: procedural, spatial, and emotional
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7
Q

Insomnia Disorder

A

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep for 3+ months

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8
Q

Insomnia Tx

Stimulus control

A
  1. Behavioral-stimulus control (lie down when tired, use bed only to sleep)
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9
Q

Insomnia Treatment

General Strategies

A
  1. Consistent bedtime/awake time
  2. No naps
  3. No caffeine past noon
  4. Exercise minimum of 2 hours pre bed time
  5. Avoid noise/ excessive temps
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10
Q

Insomnia Tx

Pharmacological

A
  1. Benzos-induce sleep and increase sleep duration. Not used long term. They Decrease slow wave sleep
  2. Non-Benzos (zolpidem)-fewer side effects
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11
Q

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A

Excessive sleepiness despite sufficient sleep (7+ hrs)

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12
Q

Hypersomnolence Disorder Etiology and Tx

A
  1. Nonspecific etiology
  2. Stimulants (modafinil)
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13
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Recurrent irresistible sleep occurring within the same day, several times per week for 3+ months and has 1+ symptom

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14
Q

Cataplexy

A

Sudden, brief loss of voluntary muscle tone that is typically preciptated by emotion

Seen in Narcolepsy

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15
Q

Cataplexy

A

Sudden, brief loss of voluntary muscle tone that is typically preciptated by emotion

Seen in Narcolepsy

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16
Q

Narcolepsy Treatment

A
  1. Stimulants to treat somnolence
  2. Antidepressants to treat cataplexy
17
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea (OSAH)

A
  • Multiple episodes of cessation of breathing per night caused by solft palate obstructing upper airway
  • Rise in CO2 levels
18
Q

In OSAH do people move from light sleep to deep sleep?

A

NO-deep to light

19
Q

Profile of pt with OSAH

A

Middle Aged
Overweight Male
Snores loudly and intermittently

20
Q

Treatment of OSAH

5

A
  1. CPAP
  2. Weight loss
  3. Orthodontic device
  4. Surgery
  5. Avoiding back sleeping
21
Q

Central Sleep Apnea Diagnostic Criteria

A

2 + episodes of breathing cessation per night caused by CNS dysregulation of breathing

22
Q

Tx of CSA

A

Respiratory stimulants

23
Q

Does OSAH or CSA have thoracic effort?

A

OSAH

24
Q

What is Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorder

and Tx

A

Mismatch of sleepiness or insomnia due to circadian sleep-wake schedule
Tx: phototherapy

25
Q

Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorder

3

A
  1. Sleep Walking/ Sleep Terrors
  2. Occur in slow wave sleep
  3. Amnesia of the events
26
Q

What is the treatment of Non-REM sleep disorder?

2

A
  1. Benzos to decrease slow wave sleep
  2. Environmental protection for sleep walking
27
Q

Nightmare Disorder

3

A
  • Occurs in the 2nd half of sleep period (REM)
  • Dream is well remembered
  • Rapid alertness upon waking

Psychopathology (16 decks)

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