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z. Neuro Class > Sleep And Reticular formation ppt 21 > Flashcards

Sleep And Reticular formation ppt 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

broad region where white matter and gray matter exhibit a netlike arrangement

Superior part of the spinal cord, throughout the brain stem, and into the inferior part of the diencephalon

ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) functions

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2
Q

What does the RAS consist of?

A

The ascending portion of the reticular formation

sensory axons that project to the cerebral cortex, both directly and through the thalamus

Activation of RAS promotes wakefulness, & inhibition of RAS promotes sleep.

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3
Q

Function of RAS

A 
Consciousness
Arousal and Awakening
Attention and alertness
Regulate muscle tone
Regulation of HR, bp, and rr
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4
Q

What are alpha waves on a EEG

A

Awake & relaxed (eyes closed)

parietal and occipital region

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5
Q

What are the beta waves on a EEG

A

Awake & Alert (open eyes, busy)

Frontal region

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6
Q

What are the Theta waves on a EEG

A

Awake children (parietal & temporal region)

emotional stress
light sleep in adult

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7
Q

What are delta waves on a EEG?

A

Deep Sleep

Infancy

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8
Q

What are the physiological various of age in a EEG?

A
  • Upto 2 years of age- awake EEG- in delta range
  • 2-6 years of age- awake EEG- theta range
  • Alpha rhythm in relax state in adult
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9
Q

What is a clinical use of EEG

A

distinguishdifferent types of epileptic seizures

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10
Q

What are the important aspects of sleep?

A
  • Sleep consolidates learning and memory

- Adequate sleep promotes growth, as GH secretion is high during sleep.

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11
Q

What are the two stages of sleep?

A

NREM- slow EEG, high muscle tone. Idling brain in a movable body

REM- aroused EEG An awake brain in a paralyzed body

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12
Q

What EEG change occurs going from awake to drowsy?

A

Beta to alpha

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13
Q

What is the EEG characteristic of stage 1?

Physical Characteristics?

A

Alpha rhythm, is replaced by low frequency & high amplitude EEG waves

low HR and rr

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14
Q

What is the EEG characteristic of stage 2?

Physical Characteristics?

A

Amplitude of EEG waves slightly increases.
EEG Patterns: Sleep spindles & K-complexes

Eyes are generally still and heart and breathing rates decrease only slightly

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15
Q

What is the EEG characteristic of stage 3?

Physical Characteristics?

A

Stage of moderately deep sleep.

EEG Patterns: lower frequency & higher amplitude.

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16
Q

What is the EEG characteristic of stage 4?

Physical Characteristics?

A
  • Stage of deep sleep
  • EEG Patterns: delta rhythm
  • Maximum time of sleep is spent in this stage initial stage of sleep.
  • Hardest to arouse
17
Q

What is the EEG characteristic of stage REM?

Physical Characteristics?

A
  • EEG Patterns: Brust of sawtooth waves or Ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) spikes
  • Easiest to arouse
18
Q

What does a sleep cycle consist of?

A

90min REM and NREM repeated 3-6 times a night.

19
Q

How do sleep cycles change throughout the night?

A

Earlier in the night there will be periods of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep, but these diminish towards morning, when there are longer periods of REM sleep and less deep sleep.

20
Q

What is circadian control?

A

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the biological clock which is influenced by the light dark cycle through retinohypothalamic pathways.

SCN- Pineal gland- Melatonin

21
Q

Chemical control for sleep

A

Sleep: Ach, Parasympathetic, GABA

Awake: NE/Serotonin, HIstamine

22
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to sleep.

23
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Day time sleepiness. Cataplecy

Sleep Paralysis

24
Q

Bruxism

A

Nocturnal Grinding of Teeth

25
Q

Nocturnal Enuresis

A

Bed Wettin

26
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Cessation of airflow at the nose or mouth during sleep.

Last longer than 10 secs each. Pathologic if >5 episodes /hour or >300/night

27
Q

Hypersomnia

A

Damage to brainstem RAS.

Patient sleeps for days to weeks continuously

28
Q

Night Terrors

A

Parasomnic disorder

Nightmares: usually in children in stage 3 or 4 of NREM sleep

z. Neuro Class (19 decks)

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