Sleep and Aging Flashcards
Lec 8 part 1
What is sleep?
reversible, behavioural and physiological state. two major sleep states; nonREM; stage 1; drifting to sleep, lowered HR and breathing. stage 2; even lower HR and breathing, sleep spindles. stage 3; deeper sleep, slow delta waves, release of growth factor. & REM; rapid eye mvmt, vivid dreams, mm tone suppression, irregular HR, BP, RR. Cycle through sleep stages 5-6 times per night.
What are the three factors that regulate sleep?
- biological clock 2. coordinator and switch 3. homeostatic drive
What is biological clock?
suprachiasmatic nucleus. circadian rhythm, sensitive to light and dark. drives hormones like growth hormone, cortisol, and melatonin. newborns have immature rhythms, teens have phase delayed and OAs have phase advanced
What is coordinator and switch?
reticular formation and reticular activating system. allows transition btwn physiological states, which is critical for sleep cycles. calm mind calm body.
What is homeostatic drive?
the depletion of NRG when we’re awake that makes us need to go to sleep. so the longer were awake the stronger our homeostatic drive because we’ve depleted more NRG. toxins build up as well, can be bc of caffeine.
What do sleep needs vary by?
age (7-8 hrs), health, genetics, sleep debt (not getting enough sleep and needing to catch up), circadian rhythm.
What are some age-related disturbances with sleep?
difficulty falling asleep, less restful sleep, more naps (shorter but more frequent), more fragmented sleep (lots of periods of wake), phase shift (early to rise early to bed). need more meds to help sleep.
What are the causes of sleep disturbances?
insomnia, restless legs syndrome, periodic leg mvmt, circadian disturbances, sleep related breathing disorders.
What is insomnia and its factors?
difficulty with initiating or maintaining sleep, or non-restorative sleep. factors; phys, psych, social/behavioural, health, meds, enviro.
What are the physiological factors to insomnia?
co-morbidities like HTN, diabetes, cancer, stroke. these cause pain, discomfort, respiratory distress, immobility. meds and drugs; stimulants, alc, nicotine. enviro; too hot or cold, noise, light, safety.
What are the psychological factors to insomnia?
depression, anxiety, grief and loss, dementia, transitions into new roles and health diagnoses.
What are the social and behavioural factors to insomnia?
responsibilities, work/retirement, family. connectivity vs loneliness. boredom, excessive napping. no or minimal activity.
What are the spiritual factors of insomnia?
spiritual beliefs and needs. spiritual crisis vs healing and peace. acceptance of life path.
What are the kinds of sleep disordered breathing?
Hypopnea, central sleep apnea, and obstructive sleep apnea - blockage that temporarily stops breathing. OSA risk factors are obesity, large tongue, neck, or tonsils, and weak mms. impact; HTN, stoke, personality and cognitive changes, irritability, memory loss. Treatment; CPAP, T and A, dental appliance, positional support.
What are the consequences of sleep disturbances?
fatigue, physiological and cognitive impairments, cardiovascular disturbance, pain perception, mood changes, hormonal (growth hormone, insulin resistance, melatonin), circulation, immune response decreases, glymphatic system closure.
