SLE- Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of SLE- what’s the main sign of it?
Malar rash, “butterfly rash” along the cheeks, can spread up to eyebrows
Most common initial presentation of SLE
Fever, arthralgia, and rash in a woman of childbearing age
Other presentations of SLE
fatigue, fever, weight loss, myalgia, avascular necrosis, pulmonary HTN, chest pain, Raynaud’s phenomenon, headache, interstitial lung disease, myocarditis, nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, acute renal disease, dry eyes, alopecia, retinal changes
Discoid rash presentation
Round, red, crusting visible, affects the face and scalp
Discoid rashes can lead to what?
Scarring and alopecia
Risk factors for SLE
Genetics/epigenetics
Sex
Environment
Hormones
SLE is most frequent when?
Childbearing years (16-55)
What ethnicities are more likely to have SLE?
Blacks, Hispanics, Asians (basically POC)
SLE risk factors: genetics
Having a sibling, mom, or first-degree family member with SLE increases the risk
SLE risk factors: environment
UV light
Stress
Smoking
Medications (hydralazine, procainamide)
Viruses or virus-like elements (EBV)
SLE risk factors: estrogen
Higher SLE risk in OC users
SLE risk factors: prolactin
Some associations with disease severity in non-pregnant patients and clinical activity in pregnant patients
Decreased SLE risk associated with breastfeeding
ACR diagnostic criteria
Serositis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Blood disorders
Renal involvement
Antinuclear antibodies
Immunology- anti-DNA Ab, anti-Smith nuclear antigen Ab, antiphospholipid antibodies
Neurologic disorder
Malar rash
Discoid rash
ACR diagnostic criteria: how many are needed to diagnose SLE?
4/11
Blood disorders in SLE
Hemolytic anemia with reticulocytosis
Leukopenia on ≥2 occasions
Lymphopenia on ≥2 occasions
Thrombocytopenia in absence of offending drugs
