SL - leisure, sports, and tourism Flashcards
leisure
any freely chosen activity or experience that takes place in non-work time
what is recreation?
is a leisure time activity undertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment, includes pursuits, organised outings, and events, as well as non paid sports
sports
is physical activities that involve using skills in events and competitions at the local regional national and international scales
tourism
refers to travel away from home for at least one night for the purpose of leisure, day tripping is not regarded at tourism
participation rates
refers to the proportion of a population that takes part in a specific sporting activity
what are the social factors that impact participation in sport
- friends that also play sport / parent influence
- trending, influenced by social media
- certain people cannot afford membership fees to certain sports
what are the economic factors that impact participation in sport
- finanically challenged
- resources
- most sports need facilities, therefore there is a relationship between participation and economic factors
what are the political factors that impact participation in sport
- eastern block uses sports to show how successful the communist areas is
- an emergent national model for SE Asia and Africa often uses organisations such as the police force and army to develop talent
- American model is based on competition and rewarding success
what are the cultural factors that impact participation in sport
- culture and religion affecting what people wear
- low participation in running and swimming by Muslim women
what are the physical factors that impact participation in sport
- the weather affecting what sports to play
- having a disability that affects your playing, no facilities to allow you to play
- certain sports need certain physical factors, eg skiing needs snowy mountains
sphere of influence
area of which people travel to see or use something
primary tourist facilities
natural landscapes things that were built but not for tourist purposes (existing things, historical, heritage, cultural stuff)
secondary tourist facilities
things that are built specifically for tourism (facilities that cater for tourism)
hotspots
areas of intense leisure activity that attract above-average numbers of visitors, in order to do this and make it a successful hotspot the area needs to have both the infrastructure and tourist attractions.
carrying capacity
the max number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time without causing destruction of the physical, economic and socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of the visitors
environmental carrying
max number before the local environment becomes damaged
perceptual carrying
the max number before a specific group of visitors considers the level of impact such as noise to be excessive. (young mountain bikers may be more crowd tolerant than elderly walkers
what are the ways tourism can boost economic development of a country?
jobs
infrastructure
leakage
natural resources
environmental issues
culture
what are the positives and negatives of jobs from tourism for economic development of a country
P- creates many job opps for local population
N- may only be jobs available during tourist seasons
positives and negatives of infrastructure for economic development of a country
P- more roads and services need to be built to accommodate for tourists
positives and negatives of leakage for economic development of a country
P- they need to attract other business in the first place to get tourism running, it can help the country build tourism at the start
N- money doesn’t go into the local economy, not developing the country and local community
positives and negatives of natural resources for economic development of a country
P- can be used as a selling point, industries will use recycled water to make customers pay more
N- water is the main thing that is lost and has problems within tourism, hotels use a lot
- water is being used for things like pools instead of agricultural purposes
positives and negatives of environmental for economic development of a country
P- part of an attraction then to keep it there, they will invest in it and therefore it might get taken care of from the money
N- animals and habitats destroyed when building, water, air, and litter pollution
positives and negatives of culture for economic development of a country
P- more exposure to different cultures and they can share it with other people and teach people to bring more awareness
N- loss of it and people can take advantage of the culture and take it for granted
what is Niche tourism?
special interest tourism catering to a relatively small number of tourists
media places
Places we have not visited, but may have learned about through media representations
what is movie tourism
places that become popular due to their appearance in movies
an example of movie tourism?
New Zeland, in the lord of the rings film trilogy and the hobbit movies
where was the lord of the rings filmed?
the hobbit village was built around the farming landscape of the Waikato town of Matamata
what happened to tourism in NZ due to filming of the lord of the rings?
grew 40%
what is adventure tourism?
a form of niche tourism that involves travel to a remote area and some level of perceived risk
what are the benefits of adventure tourism?
attracts high-value customers
they can charge more
supports local communities
encourages sustainable practices
example of adventure tourism?
greenland, ethnophiles visit to gain greater understandning of indigenous people and their culture,
considered cultural tourists who are attracted to Viking ruins and museus
exmaple of cultural tourism
cultural tourists who are attracted to Viking ruins and museus
examples of nature tourism
nature tourists are attracted by whale and bird watching in the Sermermiut Valley and Disko Bay
what is the target market fro adventure tourists/
look for physically challenging and risky things, often have high-power jobs and a good income.
what is the leisure hierarchy
a hierarchy that shows different sizes settlements,
what does the leisure hierarchy show?
as you go up the pyramid you find more facilities for leisure, sports and tourism this is because as you go up the size of the settlement increases and therefore the sphere of influences increases and the range will increase
why won’t an isolated dwelling have high-order leisure facilities
An isolated dwelling would not have a high-order leisure facility such as a hotel, which would cost a lot as it would not be viable, it’s not accessible and the although there would be much land to build on, there would not be a threshold population for things like a stadium and hotels.
what are the reasons for the patterns of leisure provision in urban areas
space
historical location
land value
land use of the surrounding area
accessibility
socio-economic statuss
physical characteristics
sports events or exhibitions
advertising
what is the threshold population
the minium population required for a services to be offered
range?
the distance that people are willing to travel to access a service
intra urban
urban means a settlement of over 10,000 people, intra means within, therefore means within an urban area
rural-urban fringe
the boundary between the urban area and the rural area
how much waste does glastonbury create?
1650 tonnes of waste
how many abandoned tents do people leave in the Glastonbury farm land
5000 tents
what else is scraped after the music festival
cardboard, cans and plastic bottles, metal, gazebos, airbeds, sleeping bags, chairs, mats, leftover stall food and materials
what other type of pollution will there be during Glastonbury
noise and smoke pollution that affect surrounding areas.
how much money do people spend while at Glastonbury?
300 pounds
what are the environmental issues with Glastonbury
tons and tons of litter and waste
the farmland will get destroyed
the farmland is most likely unusable for a few years after that, trampled on, the soil gets compressed, the litter is bad for it etc
how can Glastonbury benefit the rural area surrounding it?
brings people into the area (only for short time)
people may use local services and contribute to the local economy
the farmer that started this event gets a lot of money, he may put some of that back into his community
people will use local hotels and accommodation
brings a lot of tourism into somerset
how many jobs does glastonbury provide?
1,000
how much does the local community get from tourist spending?
£500,000 of tourist spend
how much CO2 does an average music festival make?
average festival produces 500 tons of carbon dioxide emissions
what are the social impacts of glastonbury?
N - crime can be introduced to the area for a short amount of time
- traffic etc
how many people went to Glastonbury in 2008?
200,000 poeple, this means it creates mass migration for a short period of time
how much water does the festival need?
300 millions gallons of water
how big is the temporary city, set up for glastonbury?
about the size of oxford
what is the definition of a festival?
musical, religious of sporting events of temporary duration, some festivals take place in a remote area whereas others may be in the rural-urban fringe `
