SL - global climate

Question 1

what causes the earth to go into inter-glacial and glacial periods

Answer 1

• Earths rotation, the Milankovitch cycle
  ○ Eccentricity - describes the path of the earth around the sun, changes form being circular to elliptical.
  ○ Obliquity - describes the axis of the earth.
  ○ Precession - describes the wobble of the earth

Question 2

what are sunspots

Answer 2

When the sun has more sunspots the ocean temperatures get warmer. Sunspots are solar energy being fires out toward the sun

Question 3

how do volcanoes change the global temp

Answer 3

Big volcanic eruptions can make the earths climate colder. The sunlight it reflected off the ash and gas

Question 4

natural greenhouse effect

Answer 4

Earths atmosphere either absorbs, reflects, or traps.

Question 5

what gases contribute to climate change

Answer 5

• CFCs - deodorant cans and fridge freezers
  
  • Methane - cattle farming
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Nitrous oxide
    All of these makes the atmosphere thicker and more heat is trapped

Question 6

what is solar radiation

Answer 6

emission of electromagnetic rays from the sun

Question 7

insolation

Answer 7

incoming solar radiation

Question 8

Radiation

Answer 8

emission of electromagnetic rays

Question 9

convection

Answer 9

transfer by gas

Question 10

conduction

Answer 10

transfer by contact

Question 11

albedo

Answer 11

how much reflection the earths surface has

Question 12

short wave vs long wave

Answer 12

Short wave radiation - energy from the sun that heats the earth, impacted by clouds and angle of the sun
Long wave radiation - energy emitted from the earth into the atmosphere, the energy that gets reflected from the earths surface into space or trapped in the atmosphere - no clouds =loss of sun energy

Question 13

positive feedback loops

Answer 13

occurs in nature when the product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction

Question 14

negative feedback loops

Answer 14

a normal biological response in which the effects of a reaction slow or stop that reaction

Question 15

example of global dimming

Answer 15

mount pinatubo philippines

Question 16

solutions to melting ice

Answer 16

• Renewable energy
• Recycle
• Decrease carbon footprints
• Glacier covering tarpaulins to slow ice melt
• Artificial snow acts as a protective shield

Question 16

impacts of melting ice

Answer 16

Risks to food supply and business continuity
* Decreased trade
* Increased precipitation
* Acid rain
Sea level rise -> flooding -> agricultural land loss -> job loss -> migration
* Affecting water supplies, transportation, travel and recreation
wildfires

Question 17

examples of changes in sea ice

Answer 17

greenland ice sheets,
social - no food security, loss of indigenous land
envir- animal loss and viruses, polar bear loss
economic - big cities getting flooded, displacement

Question 18

examples of changes in glacial ice

Answer 18

swiss alpes - provides water for 1.5 million
relies on tourism
warming faster than the world

Question 19

where is carbon stored

Answer 19

continental crust and upper mantle
ocean
soil
permafrost
atmosphere

Question 20

why is the permafrost a tipping point

Answer 20

lots of carbon in there and its melting, release would increase climate change

Question 21

what is thermal expansion

Answer 21

expansion of water due to the heat of the earth

Question 22

why are women more vulnerable

Answer 22

role as primary care givers make them more vulnerable as they will be the ones to walk more
sanitary products

Question 23

why are poor people more vulnerable

Answer 23

no education
no early warning systems
destroy crops

Question 24

why are ppl w less education more vulnerable

Answer 24

• Areas are able to recover faster
  
  • More solutions will be discovered
  • Climate change education has shown to be a more effective way to reduce emissions
    Spread of awareness and created more understanding

Question 25

Factors effecting Perception of risk

Answer 25

• Extent of factual knowledge/data
  
  • Level of personal threat - like aliments and illnesses
  • Time frame - if there is time to evacuate
  • Openness of government - anti climate change
  • Control - adaptations

Question 26

what are adaptations

Answer 26

Green infrastructure
Health programmes
Insulate buildings
Upgrades of buildings
Training programmes and education

Question 27

what are mitigations

Answer 27

Green infrastructure
Energy Conservation and efficiency
Carbon sinks
Capture and use of landfill digester gas

Question 28

what is geo engineering

Answer 28

Ways to alter the sun light the earth absorbs- solar radiation management
Take carbon out of the atmosphere

Question 29

what is carbon offsetting

Answer 29

Compensating for carbon dioxide emissions arising from industrial or other human activity, programs to make equivalent of CO2 in the atmosphere
In order to become carbon neutral, company needs to buy carbon units to offset the carbon they’re already using

Question 30

what is a carbon unit

Answer 30

Is a permit to emit one ton of CO2 - equal to the emissions of a one way flight from olso to Bangkok for one person

Question 31

what is carbon pricing

Answer 31

Restrictions on companies can lead to legislation if rules aren’t followed

Question 32

what is biocapacity

Answer 32

capacity of ecosystems to regenerate what people demand. When the areas ecological footprint exceeds its biocapacity, an ecological deficit occurs.

Question 33

what is ecological debtor

Answer 33

countries whole ecological footprint is higher than their biocapacity

Question 34

what is ecological creditor

Answer 34

countries whose ecological footprint is lower than their biocapacity

Question 35

what is global hectare

Answer 35

the measure of biocapacity and ecological footprint.

Question 36

situational poverty

Answer 36

is caused by a sudden crisis or loss and is often temporary. Causes might include environmental disasters, divorce, or severe health problems

Question 37

absolute poverty

Answer 37

involves lack of basic needs such as shelter, clean water and food. People on absolute poverty will probably focus on day to day survival

Question 38

relative poverty

Answer 38

where peoples incomes fall significantly below the average for the place in which they live. They may have access to basic needs and more but will be poorer than other people and families in the same place

Question 39

what is economic water scarcity

Answer 39

when the population does not have the necessary monetary means to utilize an adequate source of water (LICs like Chad)