skull work B test Flashcards
where is the Glabella
midpoint of a unibrow
where is the nasion
bridge of the nose
where is the inter pupillary line
line connecting the pupils
where is the infraorbital margin
bottom of the bony orbit
where is the acanthion
upper lip
where is the mental point
chin
what are petrous ridges
thick ridge of bone between the ears
PA
OML perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular to IR
Skull: exit Glabella
mandible : exit lips
PR’s fill the orbits
what anatomy is needed for an good PA mandible
condyles to mentum
Caldwell/ PA Axial
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 15 degrees caudal angle
exit: nasion
PR’s lower 1/3
what anatomy is needed for a good caldwell/PA axial
upper orbits
For caldwell sinuses how’s the CR positioned
Horizontal
How do you get PR’s in lower 1/3 of a Caldwell for sinuses
Raise OML 15 degrees from perpendicular
why does the CR need to be horizontal for sinuses
to best demonstrate air fluid levels
what anatomy is needed for a caldwell sinus view
frontal and ethmoid sinuses
Waters/ Parietoacanthial
MML perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular to IR
exit: acanthion
PR’s JUST below maxillary sinuses
what 2 anatomical points are level while doing a waters view
EAM and chin
why do you do an open mouth waters
to see the sphenoid
Same alignments
what is the open mouth waters view also referred as
the screaming waters
Lateral View
IPL perpendicular ( NO TILT)
MSP parallel (NO ROTATION)
IOML perpendicular to FRONT EDGE of IR
Townes/AP Axial view
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 30 degrees caudal
PR’s lower than foramen magnum
Whats the alternative for Townes /AP axial
chin tuck
IOML perpendicular to IR
CR 37 degrees caudal
PR’s lower than foramen magnum
What anatomy is needed for an Townes Skull
the occipital bone
dorum sella & posterior clinoid process within magnum foramen
why do you do a Townes mandible view
to see the rami on edge
