skull work B test Flashcards
where is the Glabella
midpoint of a unibrow
where is the nasion
bridge of the nose
where is the inter pupillary line
line connecting the pupils
where is the infraorbital margin
bottom of the bony orbit
where is the acanthion
upper lip
where is the mental point
chin
what are petrous ridges
thick ridge of bone between the ears
PA
OML perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular to IR
Skull: exit Glabella
mandible : exit lips
PR’s fill the orbits
what anatomy is needed for an good PA mandible
condyles to mentum
Caldwell/ PA Axial
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 15 degrees caudal angle
exit: nasion
PR’s lower 1/3
what anatomy is needed for a good caldwell/PA axial
upper orbits
For caldwell sinuses how’s the CR positioned
Horizontal
How do you get PR’s in lower 1/3 of a Caldwell for sinuses
Raise OML 15 degrees from perpendicular
why does the CR need to be horizontal for sinuses
to best demonstrate air fluid levels
what anatomy is needed for a caldwell sinus view
frontal and ethmoid sinuses
Waters/ Parietoacanthial
MML perpendicular to IR
CR perpendicular to IR
exit: acanthion
PR’s JUST below maxillary sinuses
what 2 anatomical points are level while doing a waters view
EAM and chin
why do you do an open mouth waters
to see the sphenoid
Same alignments
what is the open mouth waters view also referred as
the screaming waters
Lateral View
IPL perpendicular ( NO TILT)
MSP parallel (NO ROTATION)
IOML perpendicular to FRONT EDGE of IR
Townes/AP Axial view
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 30 degrees caudal
PR’s lower than foramen magnum
Whats the alternative for Townes /AP axial
chin tuck
IOML perpendicular to IR
CR 37 degrees caudal
PR’s lower than foramen magnum
What anatomy is needed for an Townes Skull
the occipital bone
dorum sella & posterior clinoid process within magnum foramen
why do you do a Townes mandible view
to see the rami on edge
SMV view
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular to IOML
CR parallel to MSP (no tilt)
MENTUM ALIGNED WITH FRONTAL BONE
Hoe must the CR remain to produce a SMV image
perpendicular to IOML
Tangential Zygoma View
IOML parallel to IR
CR perpendicular to IOML
chin tilted 15 degrees toward ROI
moves mandible toward skull
Axiolateral mandible
CR 25 chapalic
Rotation of face TOWARDS IR
How far from lateral do you turn to see your condyles & ramus in axiolateral mandible
0 degrees
How far from lateral do you turn to see a general survey in axiolateral mandible
10-15 degrees
How far from lateral do you turn to see the body of mandible in axiolateral mandible
30 degrees
How far from lateral do you turn to see the mentum in axiolateral mandible
45 degrees
What does the 25 degree cephalic angle do to the FAR SIDE
up & near side of interest
what will 15 degree rotation of the face towards the IR demonstrate
ramus & posterior body
what will 30 degree rotation of the face towards the IR demonstrate
anterior body parts
PA axial mandible
OML perpendicular to IR
CR 25 degrees cephalic
exit: acanthion
PR’s mid/upper foramen magnum
Rhese view
CR perpendicular to IR
AML perpendicular to IR
Where do you want the optic foramen in a rhese view
lower outer quadrant
Modified waters view
LML perpendicular to IR
CR horizontal
exit: acanthion
PR’s in the maxillary sinuses
Schuller TMJ view
no rotation
CR 25 degrees caudal
The Law TMJ view
15 degree rotation toward IR
CR 15 Caudal
what 2 views are done for TMJ
BI lateral
Open & close
Panorex view
IOML parallel to the floor
MSP vertical (no tilt)
Long exposure 5+ seconds
