Contrats Media Reactions

Question 1

What are risk factors associated with contrast media

Answer 1

Nearly all contrast reactions involve IV ICM ( allergy like reactions)

Post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI)

Question 2

What is post contrast acute injury

Answer 2

-It’s a contrast Induced nephrotoxicity
-Could be permanent or temporary
-Adverse affects of other medications that are used at the same time

Question 3

What are some contrast reaction risk factors

Answer 3

-High probability of reduced kidney function
- higher likelihood of an adverse contrast reaction
- contraindicated medications
- recent contrast exam

Question 4

What is damage to the kidney by contrast called

Answer 4

Contrast induced nephrotoxicity ( CIN)

Question 5

What are conditions associated with reduced renal function

Answer 5

Diabetes
Chemotherapy
Multiple myeloma
CHF
Sickle cell
Older than 60

Question 6

What are atopics

Answer 6

Individuals with a history of allergic reactions to foods & medications have a higher risk of having an allergic reaction to ICM

Question 7

What complications will asthmatics have

Answer 7

A severe respiratory complication

Question 8

What complications will people with cardiovascular disease

Answer 8

Perfusion/hemodynamic complications

Question 9

How long after contrast exam should you wait on oral diabetic medication

Answer 9

Resume after 48 hours

Question 10

What is the BUN & Creatinine test

Answer 10

Blood urine nitrogen (8-25mg/100mL)
Creatinine (0.6-1.5mg/dL)

• metabolic byproducts eliminated by functioning kidneys

Question 11

What is the GFR
(ACGW)

Answer 11

Glomerular filtration rate

Uses multiple factors
-creatinine levels
- age
-gender
- weight

60+ is normal
Less than 30 severely low

Question 12

What medications do you use for pts with history of allergic reactions to IV ICM

Answer 12

Prednisone ( corticosteroid/ suppress immune system)

Diphenhydramine ( an histamine

Question 13

What possibly lowers seizures during myeolograms

Answer 13

SSRI’s and other anti depressants

Question 14

repeated contrast exams lead to what

Answer 14

elevated risk of contrast induced nephrotoxicity (like 2 exams within 24 0r 48 hours)

Question 15

How is IV ICM eliminated

Answer 15

By the kidneys

Question 16

When should pretreatment oral meds and IV meds be given

Answer 16

oral : 12+ hours before
IV: 4+ hours before

Question 17

What are signs and symptoms of extravasation

Answer 17

pain
swelling
redness
no blood return from IV

Question 18

How do you treat an extravasation

Answer 18

remove needle/ canula
elevate extremity
apply cold compress
Notify
Document

Question 19

What kind of reactions are IV ICM

Answer 19

anaphylactoid (mild)

experience rash, warmth sensation
most reactions occur after 20 minutes

Question 20

What is intradermal pre testing

Answer 20

injecting a small amount of contrast under the skin to see of the patient has a little reaction

Question 21

How are contrast reactions categorized

Answer 21

mild
moderate
severe

Question 22

what are signs and symptoms of a mild reaction

Answer 22

itching
rash (urticaria)
warm sensation
nausea
vomiting

Question 23

what does ‘self-limiting ‘ mean

Answer 23

will resolve w/o intervention

Question 24

what are signs and symptoms of moderate allergic reactions

Answer 24

Angioedema (face swelling)
Wheezing
Hoarseness

treatment often necessary to prevent severe reaction

Question 25

What are signs and symptoms of a severe reaction

Answer 25

Dyspnea
Hypoxia
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Shock

Question 26

when is contrast cleared from the mother

Answer 26

24 hours
can wait 24 hours before resuming if they want

Question 27

Does contrast media effect pregnancy

Answer 27

no evidence of harm
no evidence that’s its safe either