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Positioning 2 > Contrast Media > Flashcards

Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

Define attenuation

A

Reduction of the intensity ( number of photons

Photons get absorbed or scatter

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2
Q

Define radiolucent

A

Objects that easily allow x rays to pass through ( lung tissue)

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3
Q

Define radiopaque

A

Objects that’s do not allow X-rays to pass through easily (hip prosthesis)

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4
Q

Define differential absorption

A

Objects are demonstrated on a image when they absorb different amounts of X-rays than surrounding structures

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5
Q

What do contrast agents do?

A

They change the absorption of structures so they are visible/ create differential absorption

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6
Q

Define positive contrast media

A

Increase absorption
-barium (56 protons )
-iodine ( 53 protons)

Radiopaque
Has high attenuation (shows up bright)

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7
Q

Define negative contract’s agents

A

Decreases absorption (dark area on images)
-gases
-air
-co2

Radiolucent
Low attenuation

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8
Q

Define barium

A

-Barium sulfate is a heavy metal
- preferred contrast for most GI studies
- Not for parenteral use
- only for enteral (GI) use
-liquid suspension mixture

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9
Q

What is iodinated contrast media (gastroview)

A

Free Iodine (I2) is toxic and good for killing germs

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10
Q

Define ionic ICM

A

-Has a charge
-Water soluble iodine
-Has a high osmolar contrast media (HOCM) (very salty)
- frequent contrast reactions due to high osmolarity
-used for non vascular studies

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11
Q

Define non ionic ICM

A

-Low osmolar contrast media (LOCM)
-only ICM that is IV injectable
- fewer reactions
-used for vascular and non vascular studies

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12
Q

Define monomeric ICM

A

-monomer
- 3 iodine/mol
- LOCM
- Isovue & omnipaque

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13
Q

Define dimeric IMC

A

-Dimer
-6 iodine/ mol ( more iodine w/ less molecules
- IOCM ( iso osmolar contrast media)
- visipaque ( vascular studies )

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14
Q

Define viscosity ICM

A

-LOCM & IOCM have significant viscosity
- warming contrast to body temp reduced viscosity
-slow to inject

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15
Q

Define osmolarity

A
  • based on the number of particles in a solution
    -HOCM adds lots of particles (salt water)
  • blood is very sensitive to osmolar and ion changes
  • higher concentrations are usually more hypertonic
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16
Q

Discuss absorption characteristics

A

-Barium cannot be absorbed into bloodstream
-ICM can be absorbed from GI tract, intrathecal space, & peritoneal cavity

17
Q

Discuss distribution characteristics

A

IV injection ( LOCM/HOCM)
Goes where the blood goes

In the kidney within 1 min
In the bladder and ureters within 3 mins

18
Q

Discuss elimination characteristics

A

IV injections (LOCM/IOCM)
Cleared via kidneys
90+% passed In urine

19
Q

Discuss indications, actions, & effects

A

Indications: for xray/ CT exams
Actions: absorbs x rays
Effects: enhances visualization of structures by increasing differential absorption

20
Q

What factors influence dosage

A

Exam
Pt size
Concentration
Physician preference or mood
Pt condition

21
Q

What is found in contrast media labels for MRI

A

It contains Gadolinium
It influences magnetic field during MRI scan
Bright in T1 MR images

22
Q

What is the osmolarity of blood

A

290

23
Q

Can you inject Ionic ICM?

A

no
used for non-vascular studies only (GI,Cystograms)

24
Q

What are some Ionic HOCM

A

Gastroview
Gastografin
Cystografin

25
Q

What does it mean is a medication is “diatrizoate”

A

Ionic & HOCM

26
Q

When Is osmolarity not a concern

A

When its not injected into the blood
Or when its injected in the bladder, GI, or endoretrogradecollespancreas

27
Q

Is non-ionic contrast media LOCM or HOCM

A

LOCM 400+

28
Q

Can you inject non ionic ICM

A

yes
LOCM has much lower contrast reactions
-fewer/less severe

29
Q

What studied can non ionic ICM be used for

A

vascular and non vascular studies
CT GI studies
CT vascular exams

30
Q

What are some non ionic contrast medications

A

Omnipaque
Visipaque
Isovue

31
Q

Why is it good to warm up/reduce viscosity

A

feels better
more rapid injection

32
Q

what does dosage depend on

A

Exam
pt size
concentration
physician preferences
pt condition

Positioning 2 (16 decks)

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