Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

Define attenuation

A

Reduction of the intensity ( number of photons

Photons get absorbed or scatter

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2
Q

Define radiolucent

A

Objects that easily allow x rays to pass through ( lung tissue)

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3
Q

Define radiopaque

A

Objects that’s do not allow X-rays to pass through easily (hip prosthesis)

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4
Q

Define differential absorption

A

Objects are demonstrated on a image when they absorb different amounts of X-rays than surrounding structures

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5
Q

What do contrast agents do?

A

They change the absorption of structures so they are visible/ create differential absorption

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6
Q

Define positive contrast media

A

Increase absorption
-barium (56 protons )
-iodine ( 53 protons)

Radiopaque
Has high attenuation (shows up bright)

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7
Q

Define negative contract’s agents

A

Decreases absorption (dark area on images)
-gases
-air
-co2

Radiolucent
Low attenuation

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8
Q

Define barium

A

-Barium sulfate is a heavy metal
- preferred contrast for most GI studies
- Not for parenteral use
- only for enteral (GI) use
-liquid suspension mixture

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9
Q

What is iodinated contrast media (gastroview)

A

Free Iodine (I2) is toxic and good for killing germs

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10
Q

Define ionic ICM

A

-Has a charge
-Water soluble iodine
-Has a high osmolar contrast media (HOCM) (very salty)
- frequent contrast reactions due to high osmolarity
-used for non vascular studies

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11
Q

Define non ionic ICM

A

-Low osmolar contrast media (LOCM)
-only ICM that is IV injectable
- fewer reactions
-used for vascular and non vascular studies

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12
Q

Define monomeric ICM

A

-monomer
- 3 iodine/mol
- LOCM
- Isovue & omnipaque

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13
Q

Define dimeric IMC

A

-Dimer
-6 iodine/ mol ( more iodine w/ less molecules
- IOCM ( iso osmolar contrast media)
- visipaque ( vascular studies )

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14
Q

Define viscosity ICM

A

-LOCM & IOCM have significant viscosity
- warming contrast to body temp reduced viscosity
-slow to inject

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15
Q

Define osmolarity

A
  • based on the number of particles in a solution
    -HOCM adds lots of particles (salt water)
  • blood is very sensitive to osmolar and ion changes
  • higher concentrations are usually more hypertonic
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16
Q

Discuss absorption characteristics

A

-Barium cannot be absorbed into bloodstream
-ICM can be absorbed from GI tract, intrathecal space, & peritoneal cavity

17
Q

Discuss distribution characteristics

A

IV injection ( LOCM/HOCM)
Goes where the blood goes

In the kidney within 1 min
In the bladder and ureters within 3 mins

18
Q

Discuss elimination characteristics

A

IV injections (LOCM/IOCM)
Cleared via kidneys
90+% passed In urine

19
Q

Discuss indications, actions, & effects

A

Indications: for xray/ CT exams
Actions: absorbs x rays
Effects: enhances visualization of structures by increasing differential absorption

20
Q

What factors influence dosage

A

Exam
Pt size
Concentration
Physician preference or mood
Pt condition

21
Q

What is found in contrast media labels for MRI

A

It contains Gadolinium
It influences magnetic field during MRI scan
Bright in T1 MR images

22
Q

What is the osmolarity of blood

23
Q

Can you inject Ionic ICM?

A

no
used for non-vascular studies only (GI,Cystograms)

24
Q

What are some Ionic HOCM

A

Gastroview
Gastografin
Cystografin

25
What does it mean is a medication is "diatrizoate"
Ionic & HOCM
26
When Is osmolarity not a concern
When its not injected into the blood Or when its injected in the bladder, GI, or endoretrogradecollespancreas
27
Is non-ionic contrast media LOCM or HOCM
LOCM 400+
28
Can you inject non ionic ICM
yes LOCM has much lower contrast reactions -fewer/less severe
29
What studied can non ionic ICM be used for
vascular and non vascular studies CT GI studies CT vascular exams
30
What are some non ionic contrast medications
Omnipaque Visipaque Isovue
31
Why is it good to warm up/reduce viscosity
feels better more rapid injection
32
what does dosage depend on
Exam pt size concentration physician preferences pt condition