Skull - Text ch 6 Flashcards
Where is the point of attachment for the lateral pterygoid muscle?
Anterior surface of the condyle
Which bones make up most of the hard palate, nose and upper dental ridge and are involved in clefting of the lip and hard palate?
The paired maxillae
What bone does the frontal process of the maxilla articulate with?
The frontal bone
What is the superior most point of the maxilla?
The frontal process
What makes up 3/4 of the hard palate?
The palatine process of the maxilla
What makes up the other 1/4 of the hard palate?
The horizontal plate of the palatine bone
At which location does a cleft lip occur?
Premaxillary suture
What are the small scroll-like bones found on the lateral surface of the nasal cavity?
Inferior nasal conchae
Describe the nasal bones and their articulation points:
Nasal bones: small. Make up the superior nasal cavity. Articulate with: Superiorly - frontal bone, laterally - frontal process of the maxillae, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, nasal septal cartilage
Which bones do the inferior nasal conchae articulate with?
*Maxillae, palatine bones, ethmoid bone
The middle and superior nasal conchae are processes of which bone?
Ethmoid bone
How many bones and cartilages make up the nasal septum? Name them:
2 bones: *Vomer *Perpendicular plate of the Ethmoid bone 1 cartilage: * Septal cartilage
Which bones does the zygomatic bone articulate with?
- Maxilla
- Frontal bone
- Temporal bone
- Sphenoid bone
What does the zygomatic arch consist of?
- The temporal process of the zygomatic bone
* The zygomatic process of the temporal bone
The process of the maxilla that articulates with the zygomatic bone, found at the base of the orbital margin?
The maxillary process
The peak shape on the superior part of the Ethmoid bone is called what?
Crista Galli
What is the part of the Ethmoid bone which projects down, making up the superior nasal septum?
The perpendicular plate
The Sphenoid bone has 3 pairs of processes. Name them:
- The greater wings
- The lesser wings
- The pterygoid processes
Which part of the Sphenoid bone comprises a part of the anterolateral skull, and articulates with the frontal and temporal bones?
The Greater wing
The fossa between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates is the point of attachment for which muscle of mastication?
Medial Pterygoid muscle
The foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone provides the conduit for which branch of CN V trigeminal?
CN V3 Mandibular Nerve
The optic canal of the superior Sphenoid carries which nerve?
CN II Optic Nerve
The foramen rotundum is the conduit for which of the branches of CN V trigeminal?
CN V2 Maxillary Nerve
The point of articulation of the frontal and parietal bones?
Coronal suture
The two parietal bones meet at the _____ ______.
Sagittal suture
Articulation of partietal bones with the occipital bone is called….?
Lambdoidal Suture
Articulation between parietal and temporal bone?
Squamosal suture
Which bones does the occipital bone articulate with?
Temporal, Parietal and Sphenoid bones
Large opening at the base of the occipital bone for the spinal cord and beginning of medulla oblongata.
Foramen Magnum
Resting point for 1st cerebral vertebra on the base of the occipital bone.
Condyles
Squamosal suture separating the temporal bone from the parietal bone is also known as the ___ ___.
Parietomastoid suture
The temporal bone is separated from the occipital bone by the _____ ______.
Occipitomastoid suture
Which 2 of the 4 nasal sinuses are visible on a mid-sagittal section?
Frontal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Describe the heart:
4 chambered. L and R upper atria (upper chambers) and L and R Ventricles (lower chambers)
Path of blood through body:
R Atrium -> R Ventricle -> Pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> L Atrium -> L Ventricle -> Aorta -> Tissues -> Vena Cava -> R Atrium
On which side is the brachiocephalic trunk?
Right side
Path of blood to external carotid artery, RHS?
Aorta -> Brachiocephalic trunk -> R Common carotid artery -> [bifurcate around thyroid level]
- Internal carotid artery
- External carotid artery
Some branches off the external carotid artery:
- Lingual artery
- Facial artery
- Maxillary artery (TMJ et al)
- Superficial temporal artery (skin and superficial cranium)
Internal carotid arteries pass through the _____ _____ into the skull and supply ____ and _____ parts of the brain.
- Carotid canals
- anterior
- lateral
Path of blood to posterior brain, RHS:
Aorta -> brachiocephalic trunk -> Subclavian artery -> vertebral artery -> [L and R unite/merge] -> Basilar artery ->
Venous blood return path from superficial structures of head and neck:
L and R external jugular veins -> L and R brachiocephalic veins -> Superior vena cava -> R Atrium of heart
Venous blood return from deep structures of head and neck:
Dural sinuses (brain) and vertebral veins -> L and R internal jugular veins -> L and R brachiocephalic veins -> superior vena cava -> R Atrium of heart
Which structures do the L and R internal jugular veins travel alongside:
- Common carotid arteries
* Trachea / larynx
What is a process?
A prominence or projection of bone that usually serves as an attachment point for ligaments or muscles.
What is a foramen (pl. foramina)?
A hole in a bone, usually for a nerve or blood vessel to pass through.
What kind of a joint is the TMJ?
Synovial joint (fluid filled capsule and ligaments surrounding it).
These paranasal sinuses are found posterior to the ethmoid sinuses.
Sphenoid sinuses
3 functions of a the paranasal sinuses:
- Reduction of skull weight
- Contribute to voice resonance
- Increase surface area for warming and humidifying inhaled air
These paranasal sinuses are found just above the orbits.
Frontal sinuses
These paranasal sinuses are found laterally to the nasal cavity
Maxillary sinuses
These paranasal sinuses are found posterior to the frontal sinuses and superior to the nasal cavity. They have a honeycomb-like appearance:
Ethmoid sinuses (ethmoid cells)
Name the four paranasal sinuses:
- Frontal sinuses
- Maxillary sinuses
- Ethmoid sinuses
- Sphenoid sinuses
What are the paranasal sinuses?
Hollow air spaces lined with mucous membrane (that produces mucous).
Why does our voice sound flat or dull when we have inflammation in our sinuses?
Causes paranasal sinuses to swell and overproduce mucous - effects voice resonance as the resonant air space starts to become filled with mucous.
How does mucous produced in the paranasal sinuses drain?
Via ducts into the nasal cavity
