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BMS 224 - Head and Neck Anatomy > Skull and intro - Topic 1 > Flashcards

Skull and intro - Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the movement where the angle between the bones is decreased (bending)?

A

Flexion

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2
Q

What is the movement where the angle between the bones is increased (straightening)?

A

Extension

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3
Q

Is chin on chest an example of head flexion or extension?

A

Head Flexion

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4
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline

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5
Q

Adduction

A

movement of a body part towards the midline.

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6
Q

Rotation towards the midline

A

medial rotation

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7
Q

Rotation away from the midline

A

Lateral rotation

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8
Q

Name the 2 components of the skeleton?

A
  • The Axial Skeleton

* The Appendicular Skeleton

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9
Q

The axial skeleton includes which bones?

A

Includes the bones of the:

  • Skull
  • Vertebral column
  • Ribcage
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10
Q

The appendicular skeleton includes which bones?

A

Bones of the…

  • Limbs
  • Pelvis
  • shoulder girdle
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11
Q

How many bones comprise the cranium?

A

8

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12
Q

How many bones comprise the facial skeleton?

A

14

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13
Q

List the bones of the Cranium

A

(1) Frontal Bone
(2) Parietal Bones
(2) Temporal Bones
(1) Occipital Bone
(1) Sphenoid bone
(1) Ethmoid Bone

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14
Q

List the bones of the Facial Skeleton:

A

(1) Vomer
(2) Inferior Nasal Conchae
(1) Mandible
(2) Maxillae
(2) Palatine bones
(2) Zygomatic
(2) Lacrimal bones
- Virgil Can Not (inferior! backward!) Make My Pet Zebra Laught

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15
Q

Only 2 facial bones are not paired. Which ones?

A
  • Mandible

* Vomer

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16
Q

Which bone makes up most of the base of the skull and is best see from an inferior view of the skull.

A

Occipital bone

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17
Q

Paired bone which articulates with the Occipital bone posteriorly, the Frontal bone anteriorly and laterally with the temporal bone. It also articulates anteriolateraly with the sphenoid bone along a small border.

A

Parietal bone

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18
Q

This bone houses the hearing apperatus

A

Temporal bone

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19
Q

The styloid process forms part of this bone

A

Temporal bone

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20
Q

The zygomatic arch is part of this bone

A

Temporal bone

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21
Q

The large single bone that makes up the forhead

A

The frontal bone

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22
Q

The butterfly shaped skull bone

A

Sphenoid bone

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23
Q

The zygomatic arch is also known as the _____ _____.

A

Cheek bone

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24
Q

The zygomatic process joins up with the zygomatic bone to form the ______ ____.

A

Zygomatic arch (cheek bone)

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25
Q

The long, flat bones that make up a large part of the anterior hard palate are processes of which bone?

A

Maxillary bone.

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26
Q

Flat bone processes that make up the anterior hard palate?

A

Palatine Processes (of the maxillary bones)

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27
Q

The bones making up the posterior hard palate.

A

Palatine bones

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28
Q

Paired bones in the upper part of the nasal cavity. Articulate with the maxillae laterally and the frontal bone superiorly.

A

Nasal bones

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29
Q

Paired bones inside the nasal cavity. That form part of a series of 3 spaces. Bones for the inferior and medial spaces are parts of other bones, but the inferior ones are the _____ ____ ____.

A

Inferior Nasal Conchae

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30
Q

Tiny bone at the base of the nasal cavity. Not paired.

A

Vomer

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31
Q

Lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

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32
Q

Large butterfly shaped bones. Comprise the posterior part of the orbital cavities.

A

Sphenoid bone.

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33
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

A series of cavities inside the thick bones of the skull, located around the nasal cavity.

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34
Q

How are paranasal sinuses named?

A

For the bone they are located in.

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35
Q

What two important functions do the paranasal sinuses have?

A
  1. Decrease the weight of the skull.

2. Contribute to voice resonance.

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36
Q

Name 4 of the paranasal sinuses.

A
  1. Sphenoid sinuses
  2. Frontal sinuses.
  3. Ethmoid sinuses.
  4. Maxillary sinuses.
37
Q

The mandible has 2 upper processes. What are they called?

A
  • Condyle

* Coronoid process

38
Q

The largest mandibular process, located posteriorly.

39
Q

Located anteriorly to the condyle. A smaller, finer process.

A

Coronoid process

40
Q

Indentation between the condyle and coronoid process.

A

Mandibular notch

41
Q

Vertical section of the mandible

42
Q

Right angle at the back of the lower jaw.

A

Angle of the mandible

43
Q

Major horizonal section of the mandible

A

Body of the mandible

44
Q

How is the Hyoid bone unique among bones of the body.

A

Does not articulate with any other bones. Held in place by muscles and ligaments.

45
Q

Found very deep in the upper neck region, behind the mandible and the floor of the mouth.

A

Hyoid bone.

46
Q

What is the Process of a bone?

A

A protrusion of bone that acts as an attachment point for muscles and/or ligaments.

47
Q

What is a hole in a bone that allows passage of nerves, blood vessels and other structures called?

A

Foramen (pl. foramina)

48
Q

Large hole in the occipital bone, allows passage for the spinal cord (and nerves and blood vessels).

A

foramen magnum

49
Q

Chunky process behind the ear that serves as an attachment point for some very large muscles. Part of the temporal bone.

A

mastoid process

50
Q

Sharp pointy process. Part of the temporal bone.

A

Styloid process

51
Q

Foramen located between the styloid and mastoid process. Allows passage for the Facial nerve (CNVII)

A

Stylomastoid foramen

52
Q

Which bone are the palatine processes part of?

A

The maxillary bone

53
Q

Which two pairs of processes from different bones, make up the hard palate?

A

The palatine processes (maxillary bone) and the horizontal processes (palatine bones).

54
Q

Cranial nerves are often mixed function. What are the different functions they could have?

A
  • General Sensory
  • special sensory
  • voluntary motor
  • autonomic
  • mixed, carrying more than one kind of neuron.
55
Q

CNI

A

Olfactory Nerve

56
Q

CNII

A

Optic Nerve

57
Q

CNIII

A

Oculomotor Nerve

58
Q

CNIV

A

Trochlear nerve

59
Q

CNV

A

Trigeminal Nerve

60
Q

CNVI

A

Abducent (abducence) nerve

61
Q

CNVII

A

Facial Nerve

62
Q

CNVIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

63
Q

CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

64
Q

CNX

A

Vagus nerve

65
Q

CNXI

A

Accessory nerve

66
Q

CNXII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

67
Q

The cardiovascular system is made up of:

A

Heart and blood vessels

68
Q

Veins carry blood…

A

from tissues to the heart (usually deoxygenated)

69
Q

Arteries carry blood…

A

from the heart, to the tissues of the body (usually oxygenated)

70
Q

After branching off the Aorta the arteries on the LHS and RHS have a difference. What is this?

A

LHS: Aorta -> Left Common Carotid Artery -> Internal Carotid Artery or External Carotid Artery

RHS: Aorta -> brachiocephalic trunk -> Right Common Carotid Artery…(then same pattern as LHS)

71
Q

Which arteries suppy the anterior brain?

A

LH and RH Internal carotid arteries.

72
Q

Which arteries supply the posterior brain?

A

Vertebral arteries, which branch off the L and R subclavian arteries.

73
Q

These branch off the L and R subclavian arteries

A

Vertebral arteries

74
Q

How does origin of the L and R subclavian arteries differ?

A

On the L the subclavian artery branches off the aorta
but
R subclavian artery branches of the brachiocephalic trunk, which branches off the Aorta

75
Q

Vertebral arteries branch off the subclavian artieries and then travel along the vertebral bones of the neck, before passing through the ______ _____ to supply the posterior brain.

A

Foramen Magnum

76
Q

Most of the veins of the head and neck drain into 2 blood vessels. Which ones?

A
  1. External Jugular Veins

2. Internal Jugular Veins

77
Q

Which blood vessel drains blood from superficial structures in the head and neck?

A

External jugular vein

78
Q

Which blood vessel drains blood from the brain and deeper head and neck tissues?

A

Internal jugular vein

79
Q

Blood from both Internal and External Jugular veins travels via the L and R brachiocephalic veins into the Superior Vena Cava and ultimately back to the heart. True or false?

80
Q

What is the importance of the Anatomical Position?

A

To avoid ambiguities or confusion. All anatomical terminology is based on the assumption that the body is in the anatomical position.

81
Q

Describe the anatomical position:

A

Standing on flat feet, toes pointing forwards, arms by the sides of the body with palms facing forwards, the head upright and eyes looking directly forwards.
Alternatively, the body may be lying flat on the back, arms by the sides with toes, palms and eyes all directed upwards

82
Q

What is the vertical plane passing longitudinally through the centre of the body, dividing it into left and right halves

A

Mid-sagittal (median) plane

83
Q

What is the Mid-sagittal (median) plane.

A

Name the vertical plane passing longitudinally through

the centre of the body, dividing it into left and right halves

84
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

vertical plane passing parallel to the mid-sagittal plane

85
Q

What is the vertical plane passing parallel to the mid-sagittal plane?

A

sagittal plane

86
Q

What is the Frontal (coronal) plane?

A

vertical plane at right angles to sagittal planes,

dividing the body into front and back parts

87
Q

What is the vertical plane at right angles to sagittal planes, dividing the body into front and back parts?

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

88
Q

What is the Horizontal (transverse) plane?

A

The planes at right angles to both sagittal and

frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.

89
Q

What are the planes at right angles to both sagittal and

frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.

A

Horizontal (transverse) plane

BMS 224 - Head and Neck Anatomy (14 decks)

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