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Positioning II > Skull Positoning > Flashcards

Skull Positoning Flashcards

1
Q

For a typical skull (mesocephalic) how do the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 47-degree angle from midsagittal plane (MSP)

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2
Q

For a Brachycephalic skull how does the petrous pyramids project?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 54-degree angle from MSP

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3
Q

What skull morphology is Short from front to back, broad from side to side, and shallow from vertex to base

A

Brachycephalic skull

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4
Q

what skull morphology is Long from front to back, narrow from side to side, and deep from vertex to base

A

Dolichocephalic skull

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5
Q

For a Dolichocephalic skull
how do the petrous pyramids project ?

A

Petrous pyramids project anteriorly and medially at 40-degree angle from MSP

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6
Q

Name some landmarks of the skull:

A

Glabella
Inner canthus
Outer canthus
Nasion
Infraorbital margin
Acanthion
Gonion
Mental point
EAM
Auricular point
Top of ear attachment (TEA)

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7
Q

where is your glabella

A

in between eyebrows

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8
Q

where is your inner and outer canthus

A

corners of eyes

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9
Q

where is your nasion

A

bridge of nose

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10
Q

where is your acanthion ?

A

right below nose

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11
Q

where is your Gonion

A

angle of your mandible

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12
Q

where is your mental point

A

chin

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13
Q

where is your EAM

A

hole in your ear

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14
Q

Where is your TEA (top of ear attachment)

A

where ear actually attches

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15
Q

Line from outer canthus to EAM

A

Orbitomeatal line (OML)

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16
Q

line from From infraorbital margin to EAM

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)

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17
Q

line From glabella to EAM

A

Glabellomeatal line (GML)

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18
Q

what is the difference between IOML and OML

A

7 degrees

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19
Q

line from From acanthion to EAM

A

Acanthiomeatal line (AML)

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20
Q

Perpendicular line between pupils of eyes
(EAM to acanthion)

A

Interpupillary line (IPL)

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21
Q

why do hyposthenic /asthenic patients usually need support to chest ?

A

To elevate cervical spine which helps prevent downward tilt of MSP

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22
Q

why do hypersthenic patients require radiolucent support at the head

A

helps prevent upward tilt of MSP

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23
Q

Essential projections of the Cranium:

A

Lateral
-Right and left lateral positions
-Dorsal decubitus position
Posteroanterior (PA)
PA axial (Caldwell method)
Anteroposterior (AP)
AP axial
AP axial (Towne method)
PA axial (Haas method)
Submentovertical (SMV)
-For cranial base

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24
Q

How is the MSP of the head in the lateral projection of the skull?

A

MSP of head parallel to image receptor (IR)

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25
how is the IPL in the lateral projection of the skull
IPL perpendicular
26
how is the IOML in the lateral projection of the skull
IOML parallel to transverse axis of cassette
27
CR for lateral projection of the skull
Perpendicular to center of IR Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
28
what is in profile in the lateral skull
Sella Turcica
29
CR for lateral projection (dorsal decubitus ) for the skull
Horizontal and perpendicular to center of IR Enters 2 inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
30
criteria for lateral projection of lateral skull
Entire cranium without rotation or tilt Superimposed orbital roofs, mastoid region and EAM Superimposed TMJs Sella turcica in profile No overlap of cervical spine by mandible
31
patient position for PA projection of the skull
Seated erect or prone MSP centered to midline Forehead and nose resting on table or upright Bucky
32
how is the OML for the PA projection of the skull
perp to the IR plane
33
How is the MSP in the PA projection of the skull
MSP perpendicular to IR
34
what is the IR centered to in the PA projection of the skull
nasion
35
how are the petrous ridges in the PA skull
Petrous pyramids fill the orbits with 0 degree CR angulation
36
CR for PA projection of the skull
Perpendicular Exits nasion
37
CR for the PA axial Skull (Caldwell)
Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits nasion
38
how are the petrous ridges in the PA Axial Skull (Caldwell)
Petrous pyramids lying in lower third of orbit with a caudal CR angulation of 15 degrees
39
CR for AP Axial (skull)
Perpendicular or 15 degrees cephalad for AP axial projection Enters nasion
40
how is the MSP and OML for the AP/AP Axial projection?
MSP centered to midline MSP and OML perpendicular to IR
41
is the orbits more magnified in the PA skull or AP?
AP
42
what is seen on the PA skull
posterior ethmoidal air cells Posterior ethmoidal air cells Crista galli Frontal bone and sinuses Dorsum sellae Petous ridges filling the orbits
43
what is seen on the pa axial skull
Anterior and side walls of cranium Anterior ethmoidal air cells and frontal sinuses Petous ridges in lower third of orbits
44
what does the angel do to the petrous ridges in the PA axial?
Angle pushes petrous ridges down
45
how is the MSP for AP Axial (Towne Method)
MSP centered to midline MSP perpendicular
46
how is the OML and IOML for the AP Axial (Twone Method)
OML or IOML perpendicular
47
CR for AP Axial (Towne Method)
CR enters 2 ½ inches above glabella
48
where is the IR center for the AP Axial (Towne Method)
IR center at or near foramen magnum IR top border level with skull vertex
49
CR for AP Axial Towne Method (OML)
Directed through foramen magnum OML – 30 degrees caudal
50
CR for AP Axial Towne Method (IOML)
Directed through foramen magnum IOML – 37 degrees caudal
51
What should be seen on the AP axial Townes
Occipital bone Posterior portion of parietal bones Petrous pyramids Foramen Magnum Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
52
what is within the foramen magnum in the AP AXIAL TOWNES for skull
Dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids within foramen magnum
53
what is the best view for the parietal bone?
Lateral
54
For trauma what degree would you use for the AP AXIAL Townes
Trauma use IOML at 37˚
55
Patient position for PA Axial (HAAS method)
Prone or seated upright MSP centered to midline Shoulders in same horizontal plane Forehead and nose on table
56
how is the MSP and OML in the PA Axial (Haas Method)
MSP perpendicular OML perpendicular to IR
57
CR for the PA axial (Haas Method)
Directed cephalad at 25-degree angle to OML Enters at a point 1½ inches (3.8 cm) below external occipital protuberance Exits 1½ inches (3.8 cm) superior to nasion
58
how is the MSP for the SMV
MSP centered to midline MSP perpendicular to IR
59
how is the IOML for the SMV
IOML parallel with IR
60
CR for SMV
Through sella turcica perpendicular to IOML Enters MSP of throat between angles of mandible Passes through a point ¾ inch (1.9 cm) anterior to level of EAM Center IR to CR
61
What should be seen in SMV
Base of cranium demonstrating petrosal Zygomatic arches Bony nasal septum Foramina ovale & spinosum, mastoids Sphenoid & ethmoid sinuses Mandible Dens Occipital bone
62
criteria for SMV
Equal distance from lateral border of skull to mandibular condyles on both sides Superimposition of mental protuberance over anterior frontal bone Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous pyramids Symmetric petrosae
63
What is the CR angle and direction for the PA axial (Caldwell) of the cranium?
15 degrees caudad
64
Which baseline is positioned perpendicular to the IR on the lateral projection of the cranium?
Interpupillary
65
If IOML is positioned perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection of the cranium, what is the CR orientation?
37 degrees

Positioning II (12 decks)

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