Positioning for Facial Bones

Question 1

Essential Projections: Facial Bones

Answer 1

Lateral

Parietoacanthial (Waters method)

Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters method)

Posteroanterior (PA) axial (Caldwell method)

Question 2

how is the MSP for Lateral facial bones

Answer 2

MSP of head parallel with image receptor (IR)

Question 3

how is the IPL in the lateral facial bones

Answer 3

Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR

Question 4

How is the IOML for in the lateral facial bones

Answer 4

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR

Question 5

CR for lateral facial bones

Answer 5

Perpendicular to IR center
Enters patient on lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and external acoustic meatus (EAM)

Question 6

part position for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 6

Rest head on tip of extended chin

Question 7

how is the OML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 7

Place orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR

Question 8

how is the MML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 8

Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR

Question 9

how is the MSP in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 9

MSP perpendicular to IR

Question 10

what do you center the IR to in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 10

Center IR to level of acanthion

Question 11

CR for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 11

Perpendicular to exit acanthion

Question 12

Criteral in waters view for facial bones

Answer 12

Criteria: Equal distance on lateral borders,
Petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses

Question 13

Structures seen in the Waters (facial bones)

Answer 13

Structures: Orbits, maxillae and zygomatic arches

Question 14

part position for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 14

Extend chin and neck to place OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR

Question 14

what angle is the OML at in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 14

OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR

Question 15

how is the MML in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 15

MML almost perpendicular to IR plane

Question 16

how is the MSP in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 16

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

Question 17

CR for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

Answer 17

Perpendicular to enter acanthion
Center IR and CR

Question 18

CR for PA AXIAL (CALDWELL)

Answer 18

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits nasion
For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell)
Facial bones should be done erect, unless pt. is unable to stand

Question 19

how much will you angle for orbital rims (exaggerated caldwell )

Answer 19

For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell)

Question 20

Essential projections for nasal bones

Answer 20

Lateral

Waters

Question 21

how is the msp in the lateral nasal bones

Answer 21

MSP parallel with tabletop

Question 22

how is the IPL in the lateral nasal bones

Answer 22

IPL perpendicular to tabletop

Question 23

how is the IOML in the lateral nasal bones

Answer 23

IOML is parallel with transverse axis of IR

Question 24

CR for lateral nasal bones

Answer 24

Perpendicular to bridge of nose Enters at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) distal to nasion

Question 25

criteria for lateral nasal bones

Answer 25

Both sides are examined No rotation Lateral Image demonstrating side closes to IR Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture

Question 26

what is demonstrated in the waters for nasal bones

Answer 26

Demonstrates bony nasal septum and nasal bones

Question 27

Essential Projections: Mandible

Answer 27

PA – rami PA axial – rami Axiolateral and axiolateral obliques SMV

Question 28

part position for PA Mandibular Rami

Answer 28

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR

Question 29

How is the OML in the PA Mandibular Rami

Answer 29

OML perpendicular to IR plane

Question 30

how is the MSP for the PA Mandibular Rami

Answer 30

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

Question 31

CR for PA Mandibular Rami

Answer 31

Perpendicular to exit acanthion Center IR and CR

Question 32

what is the PA Mandibular rami used to demonstrate ?

Answer 32

Use to demonstrate medial or lateral displacement of fractures of the rami

Question 33

part position for PA Axial Mandibular Rami

Answer 33

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on vertical Bucky

Question 34

how is the OML for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

Answer 34

OML perpendicular to IR plane

Question 35

how is the MSP for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

Answer 35

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

Question 36

CR for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

Answer 36

Directed 20 to 25 degrees cephalad Exits acanthion Center IR and CR

Question 37

what is degree of angulation for PA Axial Mandibular Rami

Answer 37

20 to 25 degrees CAPHALAD

Question 38

CR for Axiolateral Obliques of Mandible

Answer 38

Angled 25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through the mandibular region of interest Center IR to CR

Question 39

how do you adjust the head if the ramus is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

Answer 39

Ramus = head in true lateral

Question 40

how do you adjust the head if the body is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

Answer 40

Body = rotate head 30 degrees toward IR

Question 41

how do you adjust the head if the symphysis is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

Answer 41

Symphysis = rotate head 45 degrees toward IR

Question 42

part position for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

Answer 42

Lateral with IPL perpendicular to IR Mouth closed with teeth together Extend neck to place mandibular body parallel with transverse axis of IR Adjust rotation of head to place area of interest parallel to IR

Question 43

CR for SMV mandible Perpendicular to

Answer 43

IOML centered midway between angles of mandible

Question 44

Essential Projections: TMJs

Answer 44

AP axial Axiolateral oblique

Question 45

how is the msp for the AP Axial TMJs

Answer 45

MSP of head perpendicular to IR plane

Question 46

how is the OML in the AP Axial TMJs

Answer 46

OML perpendicular to IR plane

Question 47

what is the CR for AP AXIAL TMJS

Answer 47

Angled 35 degrees caudad Centered midway between TMJs, entering a point 3 inches (7.6 cm) above nasion

Question 48

what two views do you always need to do for TMJS

Answer 48

One exposure made with mouth closed Another made with mouth open, if not contraindicated

Question 49

what does the closed view for the TMJS show

Answer 49

Condyle slightly superimposed on petrosa

Question 50

what does the open mouth view for the TMJS show

Answer 50

Condyle and TMJ articulation below petrosa

Question 51

where do you center for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 51

Center a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) anterior to EAM to IR

Question 52

how should the head by positioned for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 52

Rest cheek against grid device

Question 53

how much should the msp be rotated for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 53

Rotate MSP 15 degrees toward IR

Question 54

how is the IPL in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 54

IPL perpendicular to IR plane

Question 55

how is the AML in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 55

Acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel with transverse axis of IR

Question 56

CR for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 56

Angled 15 degrees caudad Exits through TMJ closer to IR Enters approximately 1½ inch (3.8 cm) superior to upside EAM

Question 57

degree of angulation for the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

Answer 57

Angled 15 degrees caudad

Question 58

What is the CR orientation for the SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?

Answer 58

Perpendicular to IOML

Question 59

What is the CR orientation for the PA axial projection of the mandibular body?

Answer 59

30 degrees cephalad