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Positioning II > Positioning for Facial Bones > Flashcards

Positioning for Facial Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Essential Projections: Facial Bones

A

Lateral

Parietoacanthial (Waters method)

Acanthioparietal (reverse Waters method)

Posteroanterior (PA) axial (Caldwell method)

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2
Q

how is the MSP for Lateral facial bones

A

MSP of head parallel with image receptor (IR)

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3
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral facial bones

A

Interpupillary line (IPL) perpendicular to IR

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4
Q

How is the IOML for in the lateral facial bones

A

Infraorbitomeatal line (IOML) perpendicular to front edge of IR

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5
Q

CR for lateral facial bones

A

Perpendicular to IR center
Enters patient on lateral surface of zygomatic bone halfway between outer canthus and external acoustic meatus (EAM)

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6
Q

part position for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Rest head on tip of extended chin

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7
Q

how is the OML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Place orbitomeatal line (OML) to form 37-degree angle with plane of IR

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8
Q

how is the MML in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Mentomeatal line (MML) perpendicular to IR

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9
Q

how is the MSP in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

MSP perpendicular to IR

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10
Q

what do you center the IR to in the Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Center IR to level of acanthion

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11
Q

CR for Parietoacanthial (Waters) Facial Bones

A

Perpendicular to exit acanthion

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12
Q

Criteral in waters view for facial bones

A

Criteria: Equal distance on lateral borders,
Petrous ridges projected immediately below maxillary sinuses

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13
Q

Structures seen in the Waters (facial bones)

A

Structures: Orbits, maxillae and zygomatic arches

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14
Q

part position for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

Extend chin and neck to place OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR

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14
Q

what angle is the OML at in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

OML at a 37-degree angle with the plane of the IR

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15
Q

how is the MML in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

MML almost perpendicular to IR plane

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16
Q

how is the MSP in the Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

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17
Q

CR for Acanthioparietal (Reverse Waters) Facial Bones

A

Perpendicular to enter acanthion
Center IR and CR

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18
Q

CR for PA AXIAL (CALDWELL)

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits nasion
For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell)
Facial bones should be done erect, unless pt. is unable to stand

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19
Q

how much will you angle for orbital rims (exaggerated caldwell )

A

For orbital rims, angle 30 degrees caudad (“exaggerated” Caldwell)

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20
Q

Essential projections for nasal bones

A

Lateral

Waters

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21
Q

how is the msp in the lateral nasal bones

A

MSP parallel with tabletop

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22
Q

how is the IPL in the lateral nasal bones

A

IPL perpendicular to tabletop

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23
Q

how is the IOML in the lateral nasal bones

A

IOML is parallel with transverse axis of IR

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24
Q

CR for lateral nasal bones

A

Perpendicular to bridge of nose
Enters at a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) distal to nasion

25
Q

criteria for lateral nasal bones

A

Both sides are examined

No rotation

Lateral Image demonstrating side closes to IR
Anterior nasal spine and frontonasal suture

26
Q

what is demonstrated in the waters for nasal bones

A

Demonstrates bony nasal septum and nasal bones

27
Q

Essential Projections: Mandible

A

PA – rami

PA axial – rami

Axiolateral and axiolateral obliques

SMV

28
Q

part position for PA Mandibular Rami

A

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on IR

29
Q

How is the OML in the PA Mandibular Rami

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

30
Q

how is the MSP for the PA Mandibular Rami

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

31
Q

CR for PA Mandibular Rami

A

Perpendicular to exit acanthion
Center IR and CR

32
Q

what is the PA Mandibular rami used to demonstrate ?

A

Use to demonstrate medial or lateral displacement of fractures of the rami

33
Q

part position for PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

Rest patient’s forehead and nose on vertical Bucky

34
Q

how is the OML for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

35
Q

how is the MSP for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

MSP perpendicular to IR plane

36
Q

CR for the PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

Directed 20 to 25 degrees cephalad
Exits acanthion
Center IR and CR

37
Q

what is degree of angulation for PA Axial Mandibular Rami

A

20 to 25 degrees CAPHALAD

38
Q

CR for Axiolateral Obliques of Mandible

A

Angled 25 degrees cephalad to pass directly through the mandibular region of interest
Center IR to CR

39
Q

how do you adjust the head if the ramus is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Ramus = head in true lateral

40
Q

how do you adjust the head if the body is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Body = rotate head 30 degrees toward IR

41
Q

how do you adjust the head if the symphysis is the area of interest for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Symphysis = rotate head 45 degrees toward IR

42
Q

part position for Axiolateral and Axiolateral Oblique Mandible

A

Lateral with IPL perpendicular to IR
Mouth closed with teeth together
Extend neck to place mandibular body parallel with transverse axis of IR
Adjust rotation of head to place area of interest parallel to IR

43
Q

CR for SMV mandible Perpendicular to

A

IOML centered midway between angles of mandible

44
Q

Essential Projections: TMJs

A

AP axial

Axiolateral oblique

45
Q

how is the msp for the AP Axial TMJs

A

MSP of head perpendicular to IR plane

46
Q

how is the OML in the AP Axial TMJs

A

OML perpendicular to IR plane

47
Q

what is the CR for AP AXIAL TMJS

A

Angled 35 degrees caudad
Centered midway between TMJs, entering a point 3 inches (7.6 cm) above nasion

48
Q

what two views do you always need to do for TMJS

A

One exposure made with mouth closed

Another made with mouth open, if not contraindicated

49
Q

what does the closed view for the TMJS show

A

Condyle slightly superimposed on petrosa

50
Q

what does the open mouth view for the TMJS show

A

Condyle and TMJ articulation below petrosa

51
Q

where do you center for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Center a point ½ inch (1.3 cm) anterior to EAM to IR

52
Q

how should the head by positioned for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Rest cheek against grid device

53
Q

how much should the msp be rotated for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Rotate MSP 15 degrees toward IR

54
Q

how is the IPL in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

IPL perpendicular to IR plane

55
Q

how is the AML in the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Acanthiomeatal line (AML) parallel with transverse axis of IR

56
Q

CR for Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad
Exits through TMJ closer to IR
Enters approximately 1½ inch (3.8 cm) superior to upside EAM

57
Q

degree of angulation for the Axiolateral Oblique TMJs

A

Angled 15 degrees caudad

58
Q

What is the CR orientation for the SMV projection of the zygomatic arches?

A

Perpendicular to IOML

59
Q

What is the CR orientation for the PA axial projection of the mandibular body?

A

30 degrees cephalad

Positioning II (12 decks)

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