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Positioning II > Ch.17 Lesson 3 Anatomy and Procedures of the large Intestine > Flashcards

Ch.17 Lesson 3 Anatomy and Procedures of the large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Begins at junction of small intestine and ends at anus

A

Large Intestine

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2
Q

Forms an arch around the loops of small intestine

A

Large intestine

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3
Q

Four main parts of the large intestine

A

*cecum
*colon
* rectum
*anal canal

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4
Q

How long is the large intestine

A

approx five feet long

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5
Q

series of pouches along large intestine

A

Haustra

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6
Q

Muscular bands that form haustra

A

Taeniae coli

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7
Q

Pouchlike portion below the junction of the ileum and colon

A

cecum

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8
Q

What side is the ascending on

A

Right side

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9
Q

What is the right cotic AKA

A

Hepatic cotic flexture

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10
Q

what is the left cotic AKA

A

Splenic cotic flexture

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11
Q

Which cotic flexure sits higher?

A

The left

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12
Q

Vermiform appendix attched to:

A

posteromdedial side of cecum

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13
Q

Colon has four portions:

A

*ascending
*transverse
*descending
*sigmoid

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14
Q

Sharp angle at ascending and transverse

A

Right colic flecture

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15
Q

sharp angle at junction of transverse and descending

A

left colic flexure

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16
Q

Forms S shaped loop and ends at rectum at level of third sacral segmant

A

sigmoid portion

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17
Q

Rectum extends from:

A

sigmoid to anal canal

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18
Q

Anal canal terminates at the:

A

Anus

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19
Q

Function of the large intestine :

A
  • reabsorption of fluids
  • elimination of waste products
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20
Q

examination methods for large intestine

A

Single contrast
double contrast

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21
Q

why is air needed for large intestine

A

to really see the polyp if suspected

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22
Q

Bowel cleansing methods

A

*complete intestinal cleansing kit
*Gi lavage
*cleansing enema

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23
Q

For Large intestine why must the pt. be completely emptied

A

Retained fecal matter can simulate small masses

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24
Q

What also may be used for Air

A

Carbon dioxide
*more rapidly absorbed

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25
what temperature should the suspension be
should be lower than body temperature 85degrees to 90 degrees F *can cause injury if too warm *higher temperature uncomfortable for pt and decrease retention
26
Whose role is it to put the barium and air in the pt
Radiologist
27
whose role is it to tip the pt
technologist can but if having a problem go to radiologist
28
parts of the BE apparatus
*disposable soft plastic enema tips *disposable enema bags *balloon cuff (balloon inflated with air after insertion) *special tip for double contrast to be able to insert air as well * small tips if needed for younger pt. , or for pt that have strictures, fissures, inflamed hemorrhoids
29
Instruct patient on ways to minimize discomfort during filling.
 Relax abdomen  Deep oral breathing  Communicate cramping so that filling may be slowed or stopped
30
what position should pt be for insertion of the enema tip
sims
31
Steps for enema tip insertion:
* pt on left side *roll forward 35 to 40 degrees and rest on flexed right knee above and in front of left knee *adjust height of bag *expose anal region *run barium into basin to remove air from tubing *lubricate enema tip *instruct pt to take deep breaths
32
how high should the bag be hung
18-24 inches
33
how far should the tip go in
no more than four inches
34
if barium is in the fundus how is the pt positioned
AP
35
if air is in the pyloric how is the pt positioned
Supine
36
what is the cecum connected to
ascending
37
roles of technologist during enema
*be control of the clamp * watch the tubing *assist radiologist as needed * help pt position
38
when removing enema tube what should be done first
**deflate the balloon!! *you can also put the bag on the floor below pt to release some of the barium so its less tension for pt before going to the bathroom
39
After pt evacuates stool what do you do next
another radiograph is taken to check mucosa
40
if evacuation is inadequate at the end, what might help
pt may be given a hot beverage for stimulation
41
what type of system is the contrast BE
Closed system
42
essential projections for large intestine
PA PA axial PA oblique (RAO or LAO) Lateral AP AP axial
43
AP oblique projections for large intestine
RPO or LPO
44
AP or PA essential projections for large intestine
right lateral decubitus position left lateral decubitus position
45
why does the right clic flexure usually sitting lower than the left
bc of the liver
46
CR for PA or AP large intestine
perp to center of IR enters MSP at level of iliac crest
47
part position for AP or PA large intestine
MSP centered to midline IR centered at level of iliac crests
48
criteria for AP/PA large intestine
*No rotation * Vertebral column centered so that ascending and descending portions included * Entire colon, including flexures and rectum * 2 IRs may be needed for tall or hypersthenic patients * Exposure technique that shows the anatomy
49
pt position for PA axial large intestine
prone
50
part position for PA axial large intestine
MSP in midline IR at level of iliac crests
51
cr for pa axial large intestine
angled 30 to 40 degrees caudad enters msp at level of anterior superior iliac spine
52
criteria for PA axial large intestine
*No rotation * Rectosigmoid area centered * Rectosigmoid demonstrated with less superimposition than PA * Transverse colon and flexures not necessarily included
53
what is the PA axial large intestine view for
rectosigmoid area
54
patient position for ap axial large intestine
supine
55
part position for ap axial large intestine
*msp aligned to midline of grid *IR centered to 2 inches below iliac crests
56
cr for ap axial large intestin
angle 30 to 40 degrees cephalic
57
criteria for ap axial large intestine
*Rectosigmoid area centered * Rectosigmoid area with less superimposition than in AP because of CR angle * Transverse colon and flexures not necessarily included *Exposure technique that shows the anatomy
58
patient position for PA oblique large intestine
*35 to 45 degrees RAO or LAO
59
Which oblique best demonstrates right colic flexure, ascending colon and sigmoid
RAO
60
which oblique best demonstrates the left colic flexure and descending colon
LAO
61
part position for PA oblique large intestine
 Supported by flexed knee and arm of elevated side  MSP centered to midline  IR centered to level of iliac crests
62
CR for PA oblique large intestine
 Perpendicular to IR  Enters 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to midline of body on elevated side at level of iliac crests
63
criteria for PA oblique large intestine RAO
 Entire colon  Right colic flexure with less superimposition than PA  Ascending colon, cecum, and sigmoid colon
64
criteria for PA oblique large intestine LAO
 Entire colon  Left colic flexure with less superimposition than PA  Descending colon
65
Patient position for AP oblique large intestine
35 to 45 degrees LPO or RPO
66
which oblique demonstrates right colic flexure and ascending and sigmoid colon
LPO
67
Which oblique demonstrates left colic flexure and descending colon
RPO
68
part position for AP oblique large intestine
 MSP centered to midline  Sponge supporting elevated side  Dependent knee flexed for support  IR centered to level of iliac crests
69
CR for AP oblique large intestine
 Perpendicular to IR  Enters patient 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) lateral to midline of MSP on elevated side at level of iliac crests
70
Criteria for LPO large intestine
 Entire colon  Right colic flexure less superimposed or open as compared with AP  Ascending colon, cecum, and sigmoid colon
71
Criteria for RPO large intestine
 Entire colon  Left colic flexure and descending colon
72
CR for for lateral large intestine
perp to IR enters MCP at level of ASIS
73
what position must the pt be in for cross table rectum
prone
74
criteria for lateral large intestine
 Rectosigmoid area in center  Superimposed hips and femurs  Superior portion of colon not necessarily included when rectosigmoid of primary interest
75
for double contrast studies for right or left lateral decubitus what is the side of interest
air or side "up"
76
what decubitus position demonstrates medial side of ascending colon and lateral side of descending colon
right lateral decubitus
77
what decubitus position demonstrates lateral side of ascending colon and medial side of descending colon
left lateral decubitus
78
CR for AP/PA large intestin R or LF lateral decubitus
 Horizontal and perpendicular to IR  Enters midline of body at level of iliac crests
79
part position for AP/PA Large Intestine Right or Left Lateral Decubitus
 Body elevated on radiolucent support to center MSP to midline of grid  IR centered to level of iliac crests
80
patient position for AP/PA Large Intestine Right or Left Lateral Decubitus
 Recumbent lateral  Back or abdomen in contact with grid
81
criteria for Left/Right Lateral Decubitus Position Large Intestine
 Area from the left colic flexure to the rectum  No rotation; evidenced by symmetry of the ribs and pelvis  Single-contrast: barium penetrated  Double-contrast: air side of interest and should not be overpenetrated

Positioning II (12 decks)

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