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Positioning II > Review from class for SKULL test > Flashcards

Review from class for SKULL test Flashcards

1
Q

For the PA skull how should the OML and MSP be?
parallel or perpendicular?

A

perpendicular

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2
Q

where does the CR exit in the PA skull?

A

nasion

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3
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the PA skull

A

Petrous pyramids fills orbits of the eyes

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4
Q

what is seen on the PA skull

A

All frontal bones, facial bones (maxilla)

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5
Q

For Caldwell (skull), how should the OML and MSP be?
parallel or perpendicular

A

perpendicular

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6
Q

what should be resting on the IR for caldwell (skull)

A

forehead and nose

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7
Q

what is the angle for Caldwell (skull)

A

15 degrees caudal exiting nasion

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8
Q

how are the petrous ridges in the cladwell (skull)

A

lower third of the orbits of the eyes

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9
Q

what is caldwell typically used for ?

A

Can use this for frontal bone, ethmoid sinus, frontal sinuses, facial bones (maxilla)

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10
Q

what view is best used for the back of the skull?

A

Townes view (AP axial)

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11
Q

how is the MSP in the lateral skull

A

parallel

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12
Q

how is the interpupillary line in the lateral skull

A

perp.

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13
Q

for the lateral skull what side is being best demonstrated

A

side in contact with IR

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14
Q

how is the IOML in the lateral skull

A

parallel to the floor

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15
Q

CR for lateral skull

A

2 inches superior to EAM

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16
Q

CR for lateral facial bones

A

1 inch posterior to outer canthus

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17
Q

what is in profile in the lateral skull

A

sella turcica

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18
Q

what is best demonstrated in lateral skull?

A

Parietals
*can see frontal and occipital but not in entirety

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19
Q

what view is the only one that shows all four sinuses?

A

Lateral

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20
Q

what should be superimposed in the later skull

A

mandible, orbital roofs, EAM

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21
Q

if doing a lateral for nasal bones what is needed?

A

need to get frontal sinus all the way to anterior nasal spine

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22
Q

What is the best view for the back of the skull?

A

Townes View (AP axial)

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23
Q

what bone is best demonstrated in the Townes View

A

Occipital bone

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24
Q

what is within the foramen magnus in the AP Axial Townes method (skull)

A

dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids

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25
what needs to be in included in the AP axial Townes method ( skull)
Must include Entire petrous ridges
26
CR for Townes View (AP axial) -skull
CR – 2 and a half inches above glabella (right at the hair line
27
what is the angle for the OML in the Townes View (AP axial) -skull
30 degrees CAUDAL
28
what is the angle for the IOML in the Townes View (AP axial) -skull
37 degrees CAUDAL
29
do you angle caudal or cephalic for Townes View (AP axial) - skull
CAUDAL
30
how is the MSP for Ap Axial Townes method - skull
perpendicular
31
what is another name for Reverse Townes
HAAS METHOD
32
what should be rested on IR for REVERSE TOWNS (HAAS METHOD)
Rest forehead and nose on IR - makes IOML perp to IR
33
what is the degree of angulation for reverse townes -skull
25 degrees cephalic
34
where are we entering for Reverse Townes : (AKA haas Method) -skull
Entering one and a half inches below anion
35
what view can be used for arches and TMJ but centering point needs to be lowered going through TMJ or midline through arches
Townes View (AP axial)
36
what two views always need to be done for TMJ
open and closed
37
how is the MSP in the SMV -skull
perp to IR
38
how is the IOML in the SMV -skull
Parallel to IR
39
What is the CR for SMV - skull
through sella turcica perp to IOML
40
what is SMV used for
Use for mandible , ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses , arches, nasal septum
41
what should be resting on IR for waters - facial bones?
chin
42
what is the rotation of the head for the waters -facial bones
37 degree rotation
43
how is the MSP in the waters- facial bones
perp.
44
how are the petrous ridges in the waters- facial bones
petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses
45
what is the waters view typically used for ?
Use for facial bones, nasal bones maxillary sinuses, orbits
46
what is the head angulation for modified waters
55
47
what should be resting on the table for modified waters
nose and chin
48
how are the petrous ridges in the modified waters
lower portion of the maxillary sinuses
49
what is the modified waters used to see
To see the floor of the orbit of the eye better- better to see blow out fractures Really looking at the orbits
50
what view is used for the frontal and ethmoid sinuses?
Caldwell
51
what view is used for the maxillary sinuses
waters
52
what view is used for the sphenoid sinuses
open moth waters
53
what view is for the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
SMV
54
what view is used for all four sinuses
lateral
55
What view is done bilaterally?
Townes
56
What is the angle for axiolateral mandible
25 degree and head in a true lateral
57
how is the head in a axiolateral oblique mandible
Head to lateral and turn in 15 degrees and add 15 degree angle
58
what is the rotation of the head for axiolateral oblique
15 degrees
59
what is the degree of angulation for axiolateral oblique mandible
15 degrees
60
if looking at the symphysis what is the degree of rotation
45 degrees
61
if looking at the rami head at true lateral what should the angulation be
20 to 25 degrees
62
what should the degree of angulation be for the body of the mandible be
Rotate head 30 degrees and angle tube 25 degrees
63
for pa mandible how is the OML
perop
64
CR for PA mandible
mid way between rami come out level of acanthion
65
for pa mandible, if you want to exxaggerate rami, what would you do
If wanting to exaggerate rami using an angle 20 -25 degrees cephalic – exits acanthion
66
how should all sinuses be done?
upright
67
68
What is the degree of angulation for the body, ramus and symphysis for axiolateral obliques
25 degrees

Positioning II (12 decks)

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