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Head and Neck anatomy > Skull & meninges > Flashcards

Skull & meninges Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the skull?

A

22

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the skull?

A
  1. Cranial vault: Space in which brain is located
  2. Facial skeleton: Anterior part of skull making up face
  3. Base: Contains the floor of the cranial cavity
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3
Q

What are the bones making up the cranial vault?

A

Unpaired:

  1. Ethmoid
  2. Frontal
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Occipital

Paired:

  1. Temporal
  2. Parietal
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4
Q

What are the features of the ethmoid bone?

A
  • Cribriform plate
  • Crista galli
  • Perpendicular plate
  • Superior/middle conchae
  • Ethmoid air cells
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5
Q

What are the features of the frontal bone?

A
  • Air sinuses
  • Superciliary arch
  • Supra-orbital notch
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6
Q

What are the features of the sphenoid bone?

A
  • Greater/lesser wings
  • Medial/lateral pterygoid plates
  • Sella turcica
  • Optic canal
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
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7
Q

What are the features of the occipital bone?

A
  • Squamous part
  • Basal part
  • Hypoglossal canals
  • Foramen magnum
  • Occipital condyles
  • Internal/external occipital protuberances
  • Superior nuchal line
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8
Q

What are the features of the temporal bones?

A
  • Squamous part (zygomatic process, mandibular fossa)
  • Petromastoid part (middle/inner ear, internal auditory meatus, facial canal, air cells)
  • Tympanic part (External auditory meatus, attachment of tympanic membrane)
  • Styloid part (attachment of muscles and ligaments)
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9
Q

What are the features of the parietal bones?

A
  • Contains foramina for emmisary veins connecting scalp veins to dural venous sinuses
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10
Q

What is the pterion?

A

Point on lateral aspects of the skull where several bones meet, including:

  1. Parietal
  2. Temporal
  3. Frontal
  4. Sphenoid (greater wings)
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11
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cranial cavity?

A
  1. Anterior cranial fossa
  2. Middle cranial fossa
  3. Posterior cranial fossa
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12
Q

What are the prominent features of the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Cribriform plate (of ethmoid)
  2. Crista galli
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13
Q

Which part of the brain lies within the ACF?

A

Frontal lobe

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14
Q

What are the prominent features of the middle cranial fossa?

A
  1. Sella turcica (clinoid processes + pituitary fossa)
  2. Foramina
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15
Q

What are the foramina in the middle cranial fossa?

A
  1. Superior orbital fissure
  2. Foramen rotundum
  3. Foramen ovale
  4. Foramen spinosum
  5. Foramen lacerum

(Ant. → Post.)

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16
Q

Which part of the brain lies within the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobe

17
Q

What are the prominent features of the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Clivus
  2. Internal occipital protuberance
18
Q

What are the foramina in the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. Interal acoustic meatus
  2. Juglar foramen
  3. Foramen magnum
  4. Hypoglossal canal
19
Q

Which part of the brain lies within the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
20
Q

What are the layers of meninges?

A
  1. Pia mater
  2. Arachnoid mater

3 Dura mater

21
Q

What are the 2 layers of dura mater?

A
  • Endosteal layer: Intimitely associated with with the periosteum of the skull.
  • Meningeal layer: Intimitely associated with the arachnoid mater.
22
Q

What are the differences between cranial and spinal cord pia?

A
  • Cranial pia is thinner than its spinal cord counterpart.
  • Cranial pia is only loosely attached to surface of brain instead of tightly.
23
Q

What are the differences between cranial and spinal cord arachnoid mater?

A

Cranial arachnoid is thicker than its spinal cord equivalent.

24
Q

What are the different dural folds?

A
  1. Falx cerebri: Between 2 cerebral hemispheres
  2. Tentorium cerebelli: Between cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres
  3. Falx cerebelli: Between 2 lobes of cerebellum
  4. Diaphragma sella: Covers sella turcica and pituitary fossa
25
Q

What are the different meningeal spaces in the cranial vault?

A
  • Real spaces:
    1. Subarachnid space: Contains CSF and arteries
    2. Spinal epidural space: Contains loose connective tissue, venous plexuses and lymphatics
  • Potential spaces:
    1. Cranial epidural space
    2. Subdural space
26
Q

How is the subarachnoid space formed?

A
  • The pia mater is intimitely associated with the surface of the brain and follows into every sulcus. The arachnoid mater on the other hand, is not.
  • Spaces form between 2 layers when pia follows brain into sulcus.
  • Large CSF-filled spaces between 2 layers over large sulci are called cisterns.
27
Q

Where does the subarachnoid space end?

A

Second sacral vertebrae (termination of lumbar cistern)

28
Q

What are the differences between cranial dura and spinal cord dura?

A

Cranial dura consists of 2 layers while spinal cord dura contains only 1 (contination of meningeal layer)

29
Q

Where does the dural sac and filum terminale terminate?

A

S2

Head and Neck anatomy (18 decks)

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