Nose & paranasal sinuses Flashcards
(38 cards)
What are the bony parts of the external nose?
- Superior: Nasal bones
- Inferior: Maxilla
What are the boundaries of the nostrils (naris)?
- Lateral (anterior): Major alar cartilage
- Lateral (posterior): Fibrofatty tissue
- Medial: Septal cartilage
What is the vestibule of the nose?
Extension of hairy skin into the proximal parts of the nasal cavity.
What are the components of the nasal septum?
- Anterior: Septal cartilage
- Posterior (superior): Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- Posterior (inferior): Vomer
What are the components of the roof of the nasal cavities?
- Anterior:
1. Nasal bones
2. Nasal spine of frontal bone - Middle: Cribiform plate of ethmoid
- Posterior: Body of sphenoid
What are the components of the floor of the nasal cavities?
- Anterior: Palatine process of maxilla
- Posterior: Horizonal plate of palatine bone
What are the components of the lateral walls of the nasal cavities?
- Superior & middle conchi (ethmoid)
- Lacrimal bones
- Maxilla (frontal process)
- Inferior conchi (separate bone)
- Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
What are the regions of the nasal cavity?
- Nasal vestibule
- Respiratory region: Largest part of nasal cavity. Lined with respiratory epithelium.
- Olfactory region: Apex of nasal cavity. Covered with columnar olfactory epithelium.
What are the main functions of the nasal conchi?
Increases musosal SA in nasal sinus to warm and humidify air.
What are the paranasal sinuses associated with the superior conchi?
- Sphenoidal sinus: Opens in the spheno-ethmoidal recess superior to the superior conchi.
- Posterior ethmoidal air cells: Opens into the superior meatus covered by superior conchi.
What are the paranasal sinuses associated with the middle conchi?
- Maxillary sinus: Opens into the floor of the semilunar hiatus in middle meatus.
- Frontal sinus: Opens into the anterior tip of the semilunar hiatus (ethmoidal infundibulum) via the frontonasal duct.
- Anterior ethmoidal air cells: Opens into the anterior tip of the semilunar hiatus (ethmoidal infundibulum).
- Middle ethmoidal air cells: Opens into the ethmoid bulla in the middle meatus, superior to the semilunar hiatus.
The opening of which duct is associated with the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
What is significant about the opening of the maxillary sinus?
Located above the floor of the sinus, and so fluid collects much more easily and may lead to infections.
What are the relations of the maxillary sinus?
- Superolateral surface: Orbit
- Anterolateral surface: Upper molar teeth (inferior), face (anterior)
- Posterior surface: Infratemporal fossa
What type of epithelium is found within the air sinuses?
Ciliated columnar mucous secreting epithelium
What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?
- Resonance chambers during speech
- Lightens bones of facial skeleton
What is the arterial supply to the nasal cavity?
- Sphenopalatine artery (maxillary artery)
- Anterior ethmoidal branch of opthalmic artery
- Labial branch of facial artery
What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?
- Facial vein
- Opthalmic vein
- Sphenopalatine vein
What is the nerve supply of the nasal cavity?
- Special sense: Olfaction supplied by olfactory nerves
- Somatosensation: Supplied by branches of opthalmic (V1):
1. Anterior ethmoidal
…and maxillary (V2):
- Lateral posteror inferior nasal
- Nasopalatine
- Anterior superior alveolar
- Infra-orbital
- Parasympathetic: Secretomotor to mucous secreting glands supplied by nerves from pterygopalatine ganglion
What is Little’s area?
Richly vascularised anterior aspect of nasal septum from which nose bleeds occur very frequently.
What is the division of the ears?
- External ear
- Middle ear
- Internal ear
What are the components of the external ear?
- Auricle (pinna)
- External auditory meatus
What are the features of the pinna?
- Helix
- Antihelix
- Crus of helix
- Crura of antihelix
- Concha
- Tragus
- Antitragus
- Lobule
What materials make up the pinna?
- Elastic cartilage
- Skin
- Fibrofatty tissue (lobule)
