Nerve & blood supply of head and neck Flashcards
What is the blood supply to the orbit?
Branches of the opthalmic artery:
- Lacrimal artery:
1. Lacrimal gland
2. Eyeball
3. Lateral side of eyelid - Central artery of the retina: Retina
- Ciliary arteries
- Supraorbital artery: Forehead and scalp
- Supra-trochlear artery: Forehead and scalp
- Posterior ethmoidal artery: Ethmoidal air cells & nose
- Anterior ethmoidal artery: Ethmoidal air cells, nose anterior meninges (anterior meningeal artery)
What are the branches of the opthalmic nerve [V1]?
- Lacrimal nerve:
1. Parasympathetic to lacrimal gland
2. Sensation to lacrimal gland
3. Conjunctiva - Frontal nerve
- Nasociliary nerve
What are the branches of the frontal nerve?
- Supra-trochlear nerve
- Supra-orbital nerve
What are the branches of the nasociliary nerve?
- Long ciliary nerve: Eyeball
- Posterior ethmoidal nerve:
1. Ethmoidal air cells
2. Sphenoidal sinus - Anterior ethmoidal nerve:
1. Nasal cavity
2. Ethmoidal air cells
3. Meninges in ACF - Infratrochlear nerve:
1. Lacrimal sac
2. Skin of upper half nose
What is the blood supply to the pinna?
- Superficial temporal artery
- Posterior auricular artery
- Occipital artery
What is the innervation of the pinna?
- Auriculotemporal nerve - [V3]: Antersuperior
- Occipital nerve - C2: Posterosuperior
- Greater auricular nerve - C2,3: Inferior
What is the innervation of the external auditory meatus?
- Anterior + superior walls: Auriculotemporal nerve ([V3])
- Posterior + inferior walls: Auricular branch of [X]
- Contributions from [VII]
What is the innervation of the tympanic membrane?
- External: Auriculotemporal nerve - [V3]
- Internal: [IX]
What is the blood supply of the middle ear?
- ECA:
1. Tympanic branch - Maxillary artery
2. Mastoid branch - ICA: Tympanic branch
What is the innervation of the middle ear?
Tympanic nerve - [IX]
What is the blood supply to the inner ear?
- Bony labyrinth: Maxillary artery
- Membranous labyrinth: Labrynthine artery (Basilar artery)
What is the blood supply of the scalp?
- Anterior & superior aspects (up to vertex) of the scalp supplied by branches of the opthalmic artery (from ICA):
1. Supratrochlear artery
2. Supra-orbital artery - Lateral & posterior aspects of the scalp supplied by branches of the ECA:
1. Posterior auricular artery: Supplies area posterior to pinna and pinna itself
2. Occipital artery: Supplies posterior aspects of scalp
3. Superficial temporal artery: Supplies lateral aspects of scalp
What is the innervation of the scalp?
Anterior:
- Supratrochlear nerve (branch of Va)
- Supra-orbital nerve (branch of Va)
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve (branch of Vb)
Lateral:
- Lesser occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)
- Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of Vc)
Posterior:
- Greater occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C2)
- Third occipital nerve (posterior ramus of C3)
- Greater auricular nerve (anteiror rami of C2/3)
- Lesser occipital nerve (anterior ramus of C2)
How can the maxilary be divided?
- 1st part: Between neck of mandible and sphenomandibular ligament
- 2nd part: Between ramus of mandible and superficial surface of lateral pterygoid
- 3rd part: In pterygopalatine fossa
What are the branches of the 1st part of the maxillary artery?
- Tympanic branch (middle ear)
- Middle meningeal artery
- Inferior alveolar artery (mandibular teeth)
What are the branches of the 2nd part of the maxillary artery?
Muscular branches:
- Masseter
- Deep temporal
- Pterygoid
- Buccal
What are the branches of the 3rd part of the maxillary artery?
- Sphenopalatine artery (nasal cavity, anterior palate)
- Descending palatine artery:
1. Greater palatine artery - Hard palate
2. Lesser palatine artery - Soft palate - Artery of pterygoid canal
- Infraorbital artery:
1. Posterior superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
2. Middle superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
3. Anterior superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
What is the blood supply of the lateral walls of nasal cavity?
- Anterior: Anterior ethmoidal artery (opthalmic)
- Posterior:
1. Posterior ethmoidal artery (opthalmic)
2. Posterior lateral branches (sphenopalatine artery)
What is the innervation of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
- Anterior: Anterior ethmoidal nerve - [V1]
- Posterior: Posterior lateral nasal branches - Nasopalatine nerve
What is the blood supply of the nasal septum?
- Anterior ethmidal artery
- Posterior ethmoidal artery
- Sphenopalatine artery
What is Little’s area?
Anastomoses between anterior ethmoidal artery (ICA) and sphenopalatine artery (ECA)
What is the innervation of the nasal septum?
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve
- Nasopalatine nerve
What is the blood supply of the palate?
- Hard palate:
1. Sphenopalatine artery
2. Greater palatine artery - Soft palate: Lesser palatine artery
What is the innervation of the palate?
- Hard palate:
1. Nasopalatine nerve
2. Greater palatine nerve - Soft palate: Lesser palatine nerve
What is the blood supply of the maxillary teeth?
- Infraorbital artery:
1. Posterior superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
2. Middle superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
3. Anterior superior alveolar artery (maxillary teeth)
What is the innervation of the maxillary teeth?
- Anterior/middle superior alveolar nerves (Infra-orbital nerve)
- Posterior superior alveolar nerve ([V2])
What is the blood supply and innervation of the mandibular teeth?
Branches of inferior alveolar artery/nerve in mandibular foramen
What is the innervation of the oral cavity?
- Lateral walls: Buccal nerve - [V3]
- Roof: Innervation of palate
- Floor: Lingual nerve - [V3]
- Tongue:
Anterior 2/3 - Lingual nerve [V3]
Posterior 1/3 - [IX]
What is the blood supply of the pharynx?
- Ascending palatine artery (ECA)
- Branches of facial artery (ECA)
- Branches of maxillary artery
What is the innervation of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx: Pharyngeal nerve - [V2]
- Oropharynx: [IX]
- Laryngopharynx: Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve - [X]
What is the blood supply of the larynx?
- Supraglottic space: Superior laryngeal branch - Superior thyroid artery
- Infraglottic space: Inferior laryngeal branch - Inferior thyroid artery
What is the innervation of the larynx?
- Supraglottic space: Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve - [X]
- Infraglottic space: Recurrent laryngeal nerve - [X]
What is the blood and nerve supply to the temporomandibular joint?
- Blood supply: Branches of superfical temporal artery
- Nerve supply: Branches of auriculotemporal nerve
