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Head and Neck anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  1. Levator veli palatini
  2. Tensor veli palatini
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
  5. Musculus uvulae
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2
Q

What are the origins and insertions of tensor veli palatini?

A

Origins:

  • Medial pterygoid plate + spine of sphenoid
  • Eustachian tube

Insertions:

  • Palatine aponeurosis
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3
Q

What is the innervation and functions of tensor veli palatini?

A

Innervation: [V3]

Functions:

  • Tenses soft palate
  • Opens Eustachian tube
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4
Q

What are the origins and insertions of levator veli palatini?

A

Origins: Petrous temporal bone

Insertions: Superior surface of palatine aponeurosis

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5
Q

What is the innervation and function of levator veli palatini?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions: Elevates soft palate

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6
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Origins: Superior surface of palatine aponeurosis

Insertions: Pharyngeal wall

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7
Q

What are the origins and insertions of palatoglossus?

A

Origins: Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis

Insertions: Lateral margin of tongue

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8
Q

What is the innervation and functions of palatoglossus?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions:

  • Depresses soft palate
  • Elevates tongue
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9
Q

What are the origins and insertions of musculus uvulae?

A

Origins: Posterior nasal spine of hard palate

Insertions: Uvula

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10
Q

What is the innervation and functions of musculus uvulae?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions:

  • Elevation of uvula
  • Retraction of uvula
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11
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
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12
Q

What are the origins and insertions of genioglossus?

A

Origins: Mental spine of mandible

Insertions:

  • Body of hyoid
  • Dorsum of tongue
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13
Q

What is the innervation and functions of genioglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions

  • Depresses tongue
  • Protrudes tongue
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14
Q

What are the origins and insertions of hyoglossus?

A

Origins:

  • Body of hyoid
  • Greater horn of hyoid

Insertions: Lateral aspects of tongue

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15
Q

What is the innervation and functions of hyoglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions:

  • Depresses tongue
  • Retracts tongue
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16
Q

What are the origins and insertions of styloglossus?

A

Origins: Styloid process

Insertions: Lateral aspects of tongue

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17
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the styloglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions:

  • Elevates tongue
  • Retracts tongue
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18
Q

What are the rules and exceptions for the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • All muscles insert into the lateral aspects of the tongue except the genioglossus (which inserts into dorsum)
  • All muscles are innervated by [XII] except palatoglossus (which is innervsted by [X] via pharyngeal plexus)
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19
Q

What are the muscles in the outer layer of the pharynx?

A
  • Superior constrictor
  • Middle constrictor
  • Inferior constrictor
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20
Q

What are the origins and insertions of superior constrictor?

A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions: Pterygomandibular raphe

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21
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the superior constrictor?

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A

Innervation: [X]

Function: Constriction of pharynx

22
Q

What are the origins and insertions of middle constrictor?

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A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions:

  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Greater/lesser horn of hyoid
23
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the middle constrictor?

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A

Innervation: [X]

Functions: Constriction of pharynx

24
Q

What are the origins and insertions of inferior constrictor?

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A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions:

  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
25
What is the innervation and functions of the inferior constrictor?
Innervation: [X] Functions: Constriction of the pharynx
26
What are the muscles in the inner layer of the pharynx?
- Stylopharyngeus - Palatopharyngeus - Salpingopharyngeus
27
What are the origins and insertions of stylopharyngeus?
Origins: Styloid process Insertions: Pharyngeal wall
28
What is the innervation and functions of stylopharyngeus?
Innervation: [IX] Functions: Elevation of the pharynx
29
What are the origins and insertions of palatopharyngeus?
Origins: Palatine aponeurosis Insertions: Pharyngeal wall
30
What is the innervation and functions of palatopharyngeus?
Innervation: [X] (pharyngeal plexus) Functions: Elevation of pharynx
31
What are the origins and insertions of salapingopharyngeus?
Origins: Eustachian tube Insertions: Pharyngeal wall
32
What is the innervation and functions of salpingopharyngeus?
Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus) Functions: Elevation of pharynx
33
What are the muscles of mastication?
- Medial pterygoid - Lateral pterygoid - Temporalis - Masseter
34
What are the origins and insertions of medial pterygoid?
Origins: - Superficial head: Tuberosity of maxilla - Deep head: lateral pterygoid plate Insertions: Medial surface of mandibular ramus
35
What is the innervation and functions of medial pterygoid?
Innervation: Nerve to medial pterygoid, [V3] Functions: - Elevation of mandible - Protrusion of mandible
36
What are the origins and insertions of lateral pterygoid?
Origins: - Upper head: Roof of infratemporal fossa - Lower head: Lateral pterygoid plate Insertions: - Superior fibres: TMJ - inferior fibres: Pterygoid fovea/fossa (mandible)
37
What is the innervation and functions of lateral pterygoid?
Innervation: Nerve to lateral pterygoid - [V3] Functions: - Protrusion of mandible - Depression of mandible
38
What are the origins and insertions of masseter?
Origins: - Zygomatic arch of zygomatic bone - Maxillary process of zygomatic bone Insertions: Lateral surface of mandibular ramus
39
What is the innervation and functions of masseter?
Innervation: Masseteric nerve - [V3] Functions: Elevation of mandible
40
What are the origins and insertions of temporalis?
Origins: - Bones in temporal fossa - Temporal fascia Insertions: - Coronoid process of mandible - Anterior margin of mandibular ramus
41
What is the innervation and functions of temporalis?
Innervation: Deep temporal nerve - [V3] Functions: - Elevation of mandible - Retraction of mandible
42
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
1. Digastric 2. Mylohyoid 3. Geniohyoid 4. Stylohyoid
43
What are the origins and insertions of digastric?
Anterior belly: - Origins: Digastric fossa (mandible) - Insertions: Hyoid Posterior belly: - Origins: Medial aspects of mastoid process - Insertions: Hyoid
44
What is the innervation and functions of digastric?
Anterior belly: - Innervation: [V3] - Function: Depression of mandible Posterior belly: - Innervation: [VII] - Function: Elevation of hyoid
45
What are the origins and insertions of mylohyoid?
Origins: - Mylohyoid line (mandible) Insertions: - Body of hyoid - Contralateral muscle (via median raphe)
46
What is the innervation and functions of mylohyoid?
Innervation: [V3] Functions: - Supports floor of mouth - Elevates floor of mouth - Elevates hyoid
47
What are the origins and insertions of geniohyoid?
Origins: - Inferior mental spine (mandible) Insertions: - Body of hyoid
48
What is the innervation and functions of geniohyoid?
Innervation: Branch of C1 (via [XII]) Functions: - Depresses mandible (when hyoid fixed) - Elevates hyoid (when mandible fixed)
49
What are the origins and insertions of stylohyoid?
Origins: - Styloid process Insertions: - Body of hyoid
50
What is the innervation and functions of stylohyoid?
Innervation: [VII] Functions: - Elevates hyoid

Head and Neck anatomy (18 decks)

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