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Head and Neck anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  1. Levator veli palatini
  2. Tensor veli palatini
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Palatopharyngeus
  5. Musculus uvulae
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2
Q

What are the origins and insertions of tensor veli palatini?

A

Origins:

  • Medial pterygoid plate + spine of sphenoid
  • Eustachian tube

Insertions:

  • Palatine aponeurosis
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3
Q

What is the innervation and functions of tensor veli palatini?

A

Innervation: [V3]

Functions:

  • Tenses soft palate
  • Opens Eustachian tube
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4
Q

What are the origins and insertions of levator veli palatini?

A

Origins: Petrous temporal bone

Insertions: Superior surface of palatine aponeurosis

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5
Q

What is the innervation and function of levator veli palatini?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions: Elevates soft palate

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6
Q

What are the origins and insertions of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Origins: Superior surface of palatine aponeurosis

Insertions: Pharyngeal wall

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7
Q

What are the origins and insertions of palatoglossus?

A

Origins: Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis

Insertions: Lateral margin of tongue

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8
Q

What is the innervation and functions of palatoglossus?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions:

  • Depresses soft palate
  • Elevates tongue
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9
Q

What are the origins and insertions of musculus uvulae?

A

Origins: Posterior nasal spine of hard palate

Insertions: Uvula

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10
Q

What is the innervation and functions of musculus uvulae?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions:

  • Elevation of uvula
  • Retraction of uvula
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11
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
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12
Q

What are the origins and insertions of genioglossus?

A

Origins: Mental spine of mandible

Insertions:

  • Body of hyoid
  • Dorsum of tongue
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13
Q

What is the innervation and functions of genioglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions

  • Depresses tongue
  • Protrudes tongue
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14
Q

What are the origins and insertions of hyoglossus?

A

Origins:

  • Body of hyoid
  • Greater horn of hyoid

Insertions: Lateral aspects of tongue

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15
Q

What is the innervation and functions of hyoglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions:

  • Depresses tongue
  • Retracts tongue
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16
Q

What are the origins and insertions of styloglossus?

A

Origins: Styloid process

Insertions: Lateral aspects of tongue

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17
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the styloglossus?

A

Innervation: [XII]

Functions:

  • Elevates tongue
  • Retracts tongue
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18
Q

What are the rules and exceptions for the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  • All muscles insert into the lateral aspects of the tongue except the genioglossus (which inserts into dorsum)
  • All muscles are innervated by [XII] except palatoglossus (which is innervsted by [X] via pharyngeal plexus)
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19
Q

What are the muscles in the outer layer of the pharynx?

A
  • Superior constrictor
  • Middle constrictor
  • Inferior constrictor
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20
Q

What are the origins and insertions of superior constrictor?

A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions: Pterygomandibular raphe

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21
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the superior constrictor?

A

Innervation: [X]

Function: Constriction of pharynx

22
Q

What are the origins and insertions of middle constrictor?

A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions:

  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Greater/lesser horn of hyoid
23
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the middle constrictor?

A

Innervation: [X]

Functions: Constriction of pharynx

24
Q

What are the origins and insertions of inferior constrictor?

A

Origins: Pharyngeal raphe

Insertions:

  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
25
Q

What is the innervation and functions of the inferior constrictor?

A

Innervation: [X]

Functions: Constriction of the pharynx

26
Q

What are the muscles in the inner layer of the pharynx?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
27
Q

What are the origins and insertions of stylopharyngeus?

A

Origins: Styloid process

Insertions: Pharyngeal wall

28
Q

What is the innervation and functions of stylopharyngeus?

A

Innervation: [IX]

Functions: Elevation of the pharynx

29
Q

What are the origins and insertions of palatopharyngeus?

A

Origins: Palatine aponeurosis

Insertions: Pharyngeal wall

30
Q

What is the innervation and functions of palatopharyngeus?

A

Innervation: [X] (pharyngeal plexus)

Functions: Elevation of pharynx

31
Q

What are the origins and insertions of salapingopharyngeus?

A

Origins: Eustachian tube

Insertions: Pharyngeal wall

32
Q

What is the innervation and functions of salpingopharyngeus?

A

Innervation: [X] (via pharyngeal plexus)

Functions: Elevation of pharynx

33
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
34
Q

What are the origins and insertions of medial pterygoid?

A

Origins:

  • Superficial head: Tuberosity of maxilla
  • Deep head: lateral pterygoid plate

Insertions: Medial surface of mandibular ramus

35
Q

What is the innervation and functions of medial pterygoid?

A

Innervation: Nerve to medial pterygoid, [V3]

Functions:

  • Elevation of mandible
  • Protrusion of mandible
36
Q

What are the origins and insertions of lateral pterygoid?

A

Origins:

  • Upper head: Roof of infratemporal fossa
  • Lower head: Lateral pterygoid plate

Insertions:

  • Superior fibres: TMJ
  • inferior fibres: Pterygoid fovea/fossa (mandible)
37
Q

What is the innervation and functions of lateral pterygoid?

A

Innervation: Nerve to lateral pterygoid - [V3]

Functions:

  • Protrusion of mandible
  • Depression of mandible
38
Q

What are the origins and insertions of masseter?

A

Origins:

  • Zygomatic arch of zygomatic bone
  • Maxillary process of zygomatic bone

Insertions: Lateral surface of mandibular ramus

39
Q

What is the innervation and functions of masseter?

A

Innervation: Masseteric nerve - [V3]

Functions: Elevation of mandible

40
Q

What are the origins and insertions of temporalis?

A

Origins:

  • Bones in temporal fossa
  • Temporal fascia

Insertions:

  • Coronoid process of mandible
  • Anterior margin of mandibular ramus
41
Q

What is the innervation and functions of temporalis?

A

Innervation: Deep temporal nerve - [V3]

Functions:

  • Elevation of mandible
  • Retraction of mandible
42
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Digastric
  2. Mylohyoid
  3. Geniohyoid
  4. Stylohyoid
43
Q

What are the origins and insertions of digastric?

A

Anterior belly:

  • Origins: Digastric fossa (mandible)
  • Insertions: Hyoid

Posterior belly:

  • Origins: Medial aspects of mastoid process
  • Insertions: Hyoid
44
Q

What is the innervation and functions of digastric?

A

Anterior belly:

  • Innervation: [V3]
  • Function: Depression of mandible

Posterior belly:

  • Innervation: [VII]
  • Function: Elevation of hyoid
45
Q

What are the origins and insertions of mylohyoid?

A

Origins:

  • Mylohyoid line (mandible)

Insertions:

  • Body of hyoid
  • Contralateral muscle (via median raphe)
46
Q

What is the innervation and functions of mylohyoid?

A

Innervation: [V3]

Functions:

  • Supports floor of mouth
  • Elevates floor of mouth
  • Elevates hyoid
47
Q

What are the origins and insertions of geniohyoid?

A

Origins:

  • Inferior mental spine (mandible)

Insertions:

  • Body of hyoid
48
Q

What is the innervation and functions of geniohyoid?

A

Innervation: Branch of C1 (via [XII])

Functions:

  • Depresses mandible (when hyoid fixed)
  • Elevates hyoid (when mandible fixed)
49
Q

What are the origins and insertions of stylohyoid?

A

Origins:

  • Styloid process

Insertions:

  • Body of hyoid
50
Q

What is the innervation and functions of stylohyoid?

A

Innervation: [VII]

Functions:

  • Elevates hyoid

Head and Neck anatomy (18 decks)

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