Oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity?

A
  • Roof: Palate
  • Floor: Mandible and mylohyoid
  • Lateral walls (3 layers):
    1. Skin
    2. Muscle (buccinator)
    3. Oral mucosa
  • Posterior:
    1. Palatoglossus
    2. Palatophayngeus
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2
Q

What is significant about the 2 muscles of the posterior oral cavity?

A
  • Palatoglossus (anterior) and palatopharyngeus (posterior) make up the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
  • Bilateral arches make up the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars.
  • Between the arches is the tonsillar fossae in which lie the palatine tonsils.
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3
Q

What are the components of the palate?

A
  • Bony hard palate (anterior)
  • Muscular soft palate (posterior)
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4
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  • Tensor veli palatini
  • Levator veli palatini
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Palatoglossus
  • Musculus uvulae
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5
Q

What are the bones of the hard palate?

A
  • Palatine process of maxilla
  • Horizontal plate of palatine bone
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6
Q

What is the structure of the tongue?

A
  • The tongue is divided into 2 parts, anterior 2/3 (oral part) and posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal part), by sulcus terminalis.
  • The oral part is covered by filiform (most common) or fungiform papillae.
  • Anterior to the sulcus terminlais is a row of circumvallate papillae.
  • Pharyngeal is nodular as a result of the underlying lingual tonsils.
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7
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue?

A
  • Intrinsic (changes shape of tongue):
    1. Longitudinal (superior/inferior)
    2. Transverse
    3. Vertical
  • Extrinsic (moves position of tongue):
    1. Genioglossus
    2. Hyoglossus
    3. Styloglossus
    4. Palatoglossus
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8
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the tongue?

A

All muscles of the tongue are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve [XII] except palatoglossus which is supplied by the vagus nerve [X] via the pharyngeal plexus.

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9
Q

What is the sensory supply to the tongue?

A
  • Somatic sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue is supplied by the lingual nerve (branch of mandibular division of trigeminal) while taste is supplied by the chorda tympani (facial nerve [VII]).
  • Somatic sensation and taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve [IX].
  • Small part of tongue above epiglottis is supplied by the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X].
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10
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A
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11
Q

What is the structue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A
  • Articulation between the head of the mandible and the articular tuberce/mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
  • Atypical synovial joint divided into superior and inferior parts by fibrocartilage articular disc.
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12
Q

What are the functions of the 2 parts of the joint?

A
  • Upper part: Allows gliding of the head of mandible out of mandibular fossa onto articular tubercle during protrusion/retraction.
  • Lower part: Allows hinge-like movement of the mandible in the mandibular fossa during elevation/depression.
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13
Q

What are the ligaments associated with the TMJ?

A
  • Temporomandibular (lateral) ligament: Runs from margin of articular tubercle to neck of mandible.
  • Sphenomandibular ligament: Runs from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial side of the mandibular ramus.
  • Stylomandibular ligament: Runs from styloid process to angle of the mandible.
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14
Q

What are the movements associated with the mandible?

A
  • Elevation:

Masseter

Temporalis

Medial pterygoid

  • Depression:

Protrusion: Lateral pterygoids

Depression: Gravity, digastric, infrahyoids

  • Protrusion: Medial/lateral pterygoids
  • Retraction: Temporalis
  • Grinding (alternate protrusion/retraction of each side):
    1. Medial/lateral pterygoids
    2. Temporalis
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15
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial pterygoids
  • Lateral pterygoids
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16
Q

What movements are involved in mastication?

A
  • Grinding: Medial/lateral pterygoids
  • Elevation: Masseter, temporalis
17
Q

What is the structure of the mandible?

A
  • Condylar process (head, neck)
  • Coronoid process
  • Mandibular notch
  • Ramus
  • Angle
  • Body
18
Q

What are the features of the external surface of the mandible?

A
  • Oblique line
  • Mental foramen
19
Q

What are the features of the internal surface of the mandible?

A
  • Lingula
  • Mandibular foramen
  • Sublingual fossa
  • Submandibular fossa
  • Mylohyoid groove
  • Mylohyoid line
20
Q

What is the structure of the pterygomandibular raphe?

A
  • Runs between:
    1. Medial pterygoid plate (sphenoid)
    2. Mandible (posterior to mylohyoid ridge)
  • Connects:
    1. Buccinator (anterior)
    2. Superior pharyngeal constrictor (posterior)
21
Q

What separates the superficial lobe of the submandibular gland from the parotid glands?

A

Stylomandibular ligament

22
Q

Which vessel is closely associated with the submandibular gland?

A

Facial artery (grooved by it)

23
Q

What are the contents of the parotid gland?

A
  • Secretory tissue
  • Facial nerve
  • External carotid artery
  • Retromandibular vein
  • Lymph nodes
  • Auriculotemporal nerve