Skull, Face and Scalp Flashcards
What is a bony case of brain and meninges that contains the proximal portions of the cranial nn and vasculature of the brain?
neurocraniam
What supports the anterior cranium and defines mouth, nose and most of the orbits?
viscerocranium
Which bones contribute to the orbit?
frontal = roof ethmoidal and lacrimal = medial wall lesser wing of sphenoid = post wall palatine = medial wall zygomatic = lat wall maxillary = floor and part of medial wall
What are the paired bones of the face? unpaired?
nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior concha and palatine
unpaired = vomer and mandible
Where is the supraorbital foramen/notch in the orbit?
in the superciliary arch
What helps the orbit to communicate with the nasal cavity?
lacrimal groove
What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?
nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus = roof
maxillary bones = floor and lat wall
palatine horizontal plate = floor
vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid = medial wall
nasal septum = medial
What helps to make the nasal bones lighter?
paranasal sinuses
What adds resonance to the voice?
paranasal sinus
How many frontal sinuses are there? ethmoid air cells? sphenoid sinuses? maxillary sinuses?
2, 3-13, 2, 2
What are the layers of the scalp?
skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium
Where is the skin of the scalp thicker?
occipital region
Where do the vessels and nerves reside in the scalp?
connective tissue layer
Why do superficial wounds in the connective tissue layer of the scalp tend to bleed profusely?
due to vascular anastomoses, lacerations “held” open by dense CT
Why do deep wounds in the aponeurotic layer gape widely?
muscles attached there (frontal and occipitals mm)
Where is the danger space of the scalp? Why?
loose areolar tissue
- infection spread easily into the cranial cavity through emissary veins to meninges
How many mm of mastication are there?
4 pairs
T/F there are no deep fascia of the face because all of the mm attachments of facial expression
T
What innervates muscles of facial expression?
Facial n
What are the muscles of mastication?
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
What nerve provides sensory to the face and scalp?
trigeminal n
What does the cervical n innervate?
sensory to back of head, ears and jaw
What does facial n provide?
motor to mm of facial expression
What does the mandibular (CN V3) provide?
motor to mm of mastication
What nn provide sensory innervation and to which areas of the face?
trigeminal = face and anterior scalp cervical n (C2,3) = jaw, ears and posterior scalp
What nn provide motor innervation and to which areas of the face?
facial n = muscles of facial expression
mandibular n = muscles of mastication
What does the supraorbital n supply?
central forehead
What does the supratrochlear n supply?
medial forehead
What does the infratrochlear n supply?
upper nose
What does the external nasal n supply?
lower nose
What does the lacrimal n supply?
lateral brow
What supplies the upper eyelid?
V1
What is a boundary line between V1 and V2?
orbital fissure
What does the zygomaticotemporal n supply?
temple
What does the zygomaticofacial n supply?
maxilla and upper lip
What is the boundaries between V2 and V3?
oral fissure
What does the auriculotemporal n supply?
ear and temple
What happens when the facial n is injured?
paralysis on side of face affected (Bell’s palsy)
What could have occurred to injure the facial n?
inflammation at stylomastoid foramen, edema and compression in facial canal
What transmits saliva from the gland?
parotid (Stenson’s) duct
What can occur with injury to the parotid gland?
calculus formation = assoc with chronic parotiditis
salivary fistulas
neoplasms
Frey’s syndrome = gustatory sweating
What is the buccal fat pad?
fat pad located anterior to masseter m
What does the buccal fat pad protect?
parotid duct and CN VII
What nn are related to buccinator m?
buccal branches of:
CN VII = motor to buccinator m
CN V3 = sensory to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek
T/F V3 supplies the buccinator m
F; only pierces the m
What does the superficial temporal a and v branch off of?
artery = external carotid a vein = drains to retromandibular v
What does the superficial temporal a and v travel with?
auriculotemporal n
What does the transverse facial a and v branch off?
superficial temporal vessels
Where does the transverse facial a and v run?
crosses masseter m between zygomatic arch and parotid duct
What does transverse facial a supply blood to?
upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct and masseter m)
Where do the facial a and v cross?
mandbile at anterior border of masseter m (can palpate pulse)
What branches of the facial a go to the lips? medial angles of eyes?
- inferior and superior labial branches
- angular a and v
How does the lymphatics drain the head and neck?
inferiorly and superficial to deep because need to get down to venous angle
Where do lymphatics drain too?
ultimately to right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct
Are lymphatic drainage ipsilateral or contralateral?
ipsilateral
Where do submental nodes drain?
medial lower lip to chin ipsilaterally
where do the submandibular nodes drain?
from medial corner of orbit, most of external nose, medial part of cheek, upper lip, and lateral lower lip that follows facial artery
What do the preauricular and parotid nodes drain?
most of eyelids, part of external nose and lateral cheek
what do the jugulodigastric nodes drain?
preauricular and parotid nodes, mastoid nodes, occipital nodes
what do the deep cervical nodes drain?
submandibular nodes
What does the jugulomylohyoid node drain?
jugulodigastric, deep cervical and submental nodes
