Skull, Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bony case of brain and meninges that contains the proximal portions of the cranial nn and vasculature of the brain?

A

neurocraniam

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2
Q

What supports the anterior cranium and defines mouth, nose and most of the orbits?

A

viscerocranium

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3
Q

Which bones contribute to the orbit?

A
frontal = roof 
ethmoidal and lacrimal = medial wall 
lesser wing of sphenoid = post wall
 palatine = medial wall
zygomatic = lat wall
maxillary = floor and part of medial wall
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4
Q

What are the paired bones of the face? unpaired?

A

nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior concha and palatine
unpaired = vomer and mandible

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5
Q

Where is the supraorbital foramen/notch in the orbit?

A

in the superciliary arch

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6
Q

What helps the orbit to communicate with the nasal cavity?

A

lacrimal groove

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus = roof
maxillary bones = floor and lat wall
palatine horizontal plate = floor
vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid = medial wall
nasal septum = medial

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8
Q

What helps to make the nasal bones lighter?

A

paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

What adds resonance to the voice?

A

paranasal sinus

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10
Q

How many frontal sinuses are there? ethmoid air cells? sphenoid sinuses? maxillary sinuses?

A

2, 3-13, 2, 2

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11
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, pericranium

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12
Q

Where is the skin of the scalp thicker?

A

occipital region

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13
Q

Where do the vessels and nerves reside in the scalp?

A

connective tissue layer

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14
Q

Why do superficial wounds in the connective tissue layer of the scalp tend to bleed profusely?

A

due to vascular anastomoses, lacerations “held” open by dense CT

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15
Q

Why do deep wounds in the aponeurotic layer gape widely?

A

muscles attached there (frontal and occipitals mm)

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16
Q

Where is the danger space of the scalp? Why?

A

loose areolar tissue

- infection spread easily into the cranial cavity through emissary veins to meninges

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17
Q

How many mm of mastication are there?

A

4 pairs

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18
Q

T/F there are no deep fascia of the face because all of the mm attachments of facial expression

A

T

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19
Q

What innervates muscles of facial expression?

A

Facial n

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20
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

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21
Q

What nerve provides sensory to the face and scalp?

A

trigeminal n

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22
Q

What does the cervical n innervate?

A

sensory to back of head, ears and jaw

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23
Q

What does facial n provide?

A

motor to mm of facial expression

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24
Q

What does the mandibular (CN V3) provide?

A

motor to mm of mastication

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25
Q

What nn provide sensory innervation and to which areas of the face?

A
trigeminal = face and anterior scalp
cervical n (C2,3) = jaw, ears and posterior scalp
26
Q

What nn provide motor innervation and to which areas of the face?

A

facial n = muscles of facial expression

mandibular n = muscles of mastication

27
Q

What does the supraorbital n supply?

A

central forehead

28
Q

What does the supratrochlear n supply?

A

medial forehead

29
Q

What does the infratrochlear n supply?

A

upper nose

30
Q

What does the external nasal n supply?

A

lower nose

31
Q

What does the lacrimal n supply?

A

lateral brow

32
Q

What supplies the upper eyelid?

A

V1

33
Q

What is a boundary line between V1 and V2?

A

orbital fissure

34
Q

What does the zygomaticotemporal n supply?

A

temple

35
Q

What does the zygomaticofacial n supply?

A

maxilla and upper lip

36
Q

What is the boundaries between V2 and V3?

A

oral fissure

37
Q

What does the auriculotemporal n supply?

A

ear and temple

38
Q

What happens when the facial n is injured?

A

paralysis on side of face affected (Bell’s palsy)

39
Q

What could have occurred to injure the facial n?

A

inflammation at stylomastoid foramen, edema and compression in facial canal

40
Q

What transmits saliva from the gland?

A

parotid (Stenson’s) duct

41
Q

What can occur with injury to the parotid gland?

A

calculus formation = assoc with chronic parotiditis
salivary fistulas
neoplasms
Frey’s syndrome = gustatory sweating

42
Q

What is the buccal fat pad?

A

fat pad located anterior to masseter m

43
Q

What does the buccal fat pad protect?

A

parotid duct and CN VII

44
Q

What nn are related to buccinator m?

A

buccal branches of:
CN VII = motor to buccinator m
CN V3 = sensory to buccal mucosa and skin of cheek

45
Q

T/F V3 supplies the buccinator m

A

F; only pierces the m

46
Q

What does the superficial temporal a and v branch off of?

A
artery = external carotid a
vein = drains to retromandibular v
47
Q

What does the superficial temporal a and v travel with?

A

auriculotemporal n

48
Q

What does the transverse facial a and v branch off?

A

superficial temporal vessels

49
Q

Where does the transverse facial a and v run?

A

crosses masseter m between zygomatic arch and parotid duct

50
Q

What does transverse facial a supply blood to?

A

upper cheek region (parotid gland, duct and masseter m)

51
Q

Where do the facial a and v cross?

A

mandbile at anterior border of masseter m (can palpate pulse)

52
Q

What branches of the facial a go to the lips? medial angles of eyes?

A
  • inferior and superior labial branches

- angular a and v

53
Q

How does the lymphatics drain the head and neck?

A

inferiorly and superficial to deep because need to get down to venous angle

54
Q

Where do lymphatics drain too?

A

ultimately to right lymphatic duct or thoracic duct

55
Q

Are lymphatic drainage ipsilateral or contralateral?

A

ipsilateral

56
Q

Where do submental nodes drain?

A

medial lower lip to chin ipsilaterally

57
Q

where do the submandibular nodes drain?

A

from medial corner of orbit, most of external nose, medial part of cheek, upper lip, and lateral lower lip that follows facial artery

58
Q

What do the preauricular and parotid nodes drain?

A

most of eyelids, part of external nose and lateral cheek

59
Q

what do the jugulodigastric nodes drain?

A

preauricular and parotid nodes, mastoid nodes, occipital nodes

60
Q

what do the deep cervical nodes drain?

A

submandibular nodes

61
Q

What does the jugulomylohyoid node drain?

A

jugulodigastric, deep cervical and submental nodes