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Anatomy Unit 1 > CN V and VII > Flashcards

CN V and VII Flashcards

1
Q

What does CN V transmit?

A

tactile, proprioceptive, pain, temp from head to cortex

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2
Q

3 divisions of CN V

A

ophthalmic (V1) -> upper face, sensory only
maxillary (V2) -> middle face, sensory
Mandibular (V3) -> Lower face, sensory and motor

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3
Q

CN V fiber types

A

mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal tract, trigeminal main sensory nucleus and trigeminal motor nucleus

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4
Q

Where happens if there is a lesion in motor components of CN V?

A

jaw closure weakened, opened jaw will deviate toward side of lesion

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5
Q

Where do cell bodies of CN V motor nucleus terminate?

A

mm of mastication

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6
Q

Which CN V nucleus is part of reticular formation?

A

supratrige minal nucleus

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7
Q

What is the supratrige minal nucleus a pattern generator for?

A

masticatory rhythm

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8
Q

Where does the centrally directed process of mesencephalic nucleus of CN V (sensory afferent) terminate?

A

trigeminal motor nucleus (jaw jerk reflex) and supratrigeminal nucleus (chewing movements)

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9
Q

What does mesencephalic nucleus of CN V sense?

A

proprioception, spindles in mm of mastication, mechanoreceptors in gums, teeth and hard palate

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10
Q

What are the proprioception receptors of the mesencephalic nucleus?

A
  • neuromuscular spindles of mastication mm

- pressure/tension receptors in periodontal ligaments

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11
Q

What does proprioception part of mesencephalic nucleus control?

A

distance between mandible and maxilla (occlusal vertical dimension)

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12
Q

Which brodmann’s areas are the cortical representation of CN V?

A

3, 1, 2

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13
Q

What does the main sensory nucleus of CN V serve?

A

face, head, oral cavity, teeth, meninges

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14
Q

Where does the main sensory nucleus of CN V terminate?

A

main/principal trigeminal sensory nucleus - discriminative touch and vibration

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15
Q

What is the main sensory nucleus of CN V a homologue of?

A

posterior column nuclei

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16
Q

What are the two ascending pathways of main sensory nucleus of CN V?

A

crossed pathway that joins DCML on way to VPM and uncrosses (dorsal trigeminal tract) inside of mouth represented to VPM

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17
Q

What does the spinal trigeminal nucleus of CN V serve?

A

face, oral cavity, teeth and meninges

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18
Q

Where does the spinal trigeminal nucleus terminate?

A

trigeminal spinal nucleus - pain, crude touch and temp

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19
Q

Where are the cell bodies of spinal trigemnical nucleus of CN V?

A

trigeminal ganglion

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20
Q

Where do afferent descend of the spinal trigeminal tract?

A

thru spinal trigmenial tract and synapse in caudal nucleus

- second order neurons send axons across midline that ascend and join STT, terminate in VPM

21
Q

Which sensory systems of CN V are myelinated?

A

mesencephalic nucleus and main sensory nucleus are heavily myelinated while the spinal nucleus is lightly myelinated

22
Q

What is the homologue of the spinal nucleus?

A

STT

23
Q

Which ascending CN V projections are bilateral and contralateral?

A

spinal nucleus = contralateral projection

main trigeminal sensory nucleus = bilateral

24
Q

What does the pars caudal blend with?

A

posterior horn of cervical cord

25
Q

3 parts of spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

pars oralis, pars interpolaris, pars caudalis

26
Q

What is the somatotopic organization of pars caudal?

A

inverted representation of face; onion peel

- primarily pain fibers

27
Q

What does substantial gelatinous contain?

A

excitatory and inhibitory interneurons

- receives raphe spinal tract fibers (serotonin)

28
Q

Where do afferent fibers come from to the pars caudalis?

A

CN VII, IX, X - for area near ear

29
Q

Arrangement of pain and temp afferents in spinal trigeminal nucleus

A 
mand = dorsal
ophthalmic = ventral 
maxillary = between 
fibers from center face end near obex
fibers from back of face end in upper cervical cord
30
Q

Where are dried episodes of pain in distribution of one division of CN V originate from?

A

mand division = 70%

ophthalmic = <5%

31
Q

Treatment of trigemnial neuralgia. Result?

A

cutting nerve root, introducing lesion in trigeminal ganglion
Result = loss of all tactile sensation

32
Q

What occurs when afferents are removed to the caudal nucleus?

A

tactile sensation is intact but pain sensation to over half of face is lost

33
Q

Which artery is most frequently involved in trigeminal neuralgia due to vascular cause?

A

branches of superior cerebellar a

34
Q

Where does CN VII provide motor innervation?

A

mm of facial expression, stapedius m

35
Q

Where does CN VII provide sensory innervation?

A

skin of outer ear (geniculate ganglion), palatine tonsil and posterior nasal cavity

36
Q

What are the actions of CN VII other than sensory and motor?

A

taste, salivation, lacrimation (lubricates cornea)

37
Q

Where do fibers from CN VII enter for the skin and outer ear?

A

spinal trigeminal tract and act exactly as trigeminal afferents

38
Q

Which motor neurons of CN VII innervate contra laterally and bilaterally?

A

lower face mm = contralateral cortex

upper face mm = bilaterally

39
Q

What does unilateral damage to corticobulbar pathway result in?

A

inability to smile or bare teeth symmetrically but ability to wrinkle forehead is unaffected

40
Q

Bell’s palsy symptoms

A

paresis of facial mm, irritation of cornea, hyperacusis (stapedius), reduced lacrimation and salivation

41
Q

Where does the afferent limb go in the corneal blink reflex? efferent limb?

A
  • V1 to spinal V tracy

- VII elicited by bilateral projection from spinal V nuclues/RF

42
Q

What type of felafel is the jaw jerk?

A

monosynaptic reflex

43
Q

Where do the afferent limbs extend in the jaw jerk reflex? Efferent limb?

A
  • mesencephalic V neuron innervating masseter spindle

- V motor neuron

44
Q

What do olfactory receptors of the tongue respond to?

A

food vapors

45
Q

What is flavor of the tongue due to?

A

chemosensitive and somatosensory free n endings of V (IX and X) in mucus membranes of oral cavity

46
Q

What accounts for the large variations in taste among people?

A

number of papillae and taste buds and amount of taste buds in fungiform papillae

47
Q

What afferents reach the nucleus in taste pathways vis solitary tract?

A

gustatory afferents

48
Q

What do second order fibers of taste pathways do?

A
  • reflex activities (swallowing and salivation)

- project uncrossed to thalamus (VPM), then to gustatory cortex (insula, medial surface or frontal operculum)

49
Q

Where does gustatory cortex project?

A

orbitofrontal cortex -> integrated with olfactory info -> amygdala -> limbic system and hypothatlamus

Anatomy Unit 1 (11 decks)

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