Craniovertebral Joints Flashcards
Which joint contributes to nodding movement, tilting of head side-to-side?
Atlanta-occipital joint
Which joint contributes to rotation movement?
Atlanta-axial joint
What type of joint are the atlanto-occipital and Atlanta-axial?
synovial joints with no discs
What makes up the atlantoaxial joint?
ant arch of C1 and dens of C2
what makes up the Atlanta-occipital joint?
occipital condyles and superior facets of C1
What type of ROM is the Atlanta-occipital joint?
flexion/extension
What is the superior extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
tectorial membrane
What is the superior extension of anterior longitudinal ligament?
ant atlanto-occipital membrane
What is the uppermost extent of ligamentum flavum?
post Atlanta-occipital mem
What forms part of the post wall of vertebral canal?
post atlanto-occipital mem
What fills in the gaps between post vertebral arches?
ligamentum flava
What are the deep craniovertebral ligaments?
transverse ligament of atlas
cruciform ligament of atlas
alar ligaments
apical ligament of dens
What holds the dens of axis tightly to ant arch of atlas?
transverse ligament of atlas
Where do fractures of the dens occur? Why don’t they reunite?
base of transverse ligament of atlas, fractures don’t reunite due to position of transverse ligament
What forms the cruciform ligament?
transverse ligament of atlas and superior and inferior longitudinal bands
Where does sup longitudinal band attach?
foramen magnum base
Where does inf longitudinal band attach?
dens of C2 posteriorly
where does alar ligament extend?
from dens to medial portions of occipital condyles
What is the function of alar ligament?
stop excessive lateral rotation, strong paired ligament
What is the slender band ascending from apex of dens?
apical ligament of dens
Which ligament is located deep to sup longitudinal band of cruciform ligament?
apical ligament of dens
What gives rise to internal carotid plexus?
sympathetic trunk
What hangs from pharyngeal tubercle?
pharynx
Which nerves give rise to sup and inf ganglia?
CNs IX and X
Which m does CN IX travel with?
stylopharyngeus m between ICA and ECA
What branches does CN X give off?
pharyngeal n and superior laryngeal n
What does pharyngeal n travel between?
ICA and ECA to innervate pharynx
Which nerves form pharyngeal plexus?
union of pharyngeal brs of CN IX and X
Which CN contributes sensory fibers to plexus?
CN IX
Which CN supplies motor innervation to most pharyngeal mm and carries p-symp?
CN X
What mm does accessory n supply?
SCM and trapezius mm
Where does CN XI travel?
between ICA and IJV
What is located between buccopharyngeal fascia and alar fascia?
retropharyngeal space
Where does retropharyngeal space extend?
from base of skull to sup mediastinum
What structures are found in the pre-vertebral region?
sympathetic trunks, CNs IX, X, XI, XII, cervical spinal nn, vertebral vessels, pharyngeal plexus of vv
Which nerves make uo the cervical plexus? post to longs capitis/colli mm
C1-C4
Which nn form phrenic n? descend ant to anterior scalene mm
C3-C5
Which nn form brachial plexus? run between ant and middle scalene mm
C5-C8
Where does vertebral a arise?
subclavian a
Where does vertebral v drain?
brachiocephalic v
What are the 2 pharyngeal plexuses of vv?
external plexus and internal plexus
Where is the external pharyngeal plexus?
outside of pharyngobasilar fascia
Where is the internal pharyngeal plexus?
between pharyngobasilar fascia and constrictor mm
where do external and internal plexus drain?
into pterygoid plexus of vv and IJV at angle of mandible
