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Anatomy Unit 1 > Anterior Cervical Triangle and Root of Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle and Root of Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle?

A 
anterior = midline of neck
posterior = SCM
superior = inferior border of mandible
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2
Q

What is the main landmark between anterior and posterior cervical triangles?

A

SCM

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3
Q

What is the floor of the anterior cervical triangle? roof?

A

muscles, skin and platysma m

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior cervical triangle grouped by?

A

position relative to hyoid bone

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5
Q

What are the supra hyoid mm?

A

stylohyoid m, digastric m, mylohyoid m, geniohyoid m

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6
Q

What are the infrahyoid mm?

A

omohyoid m, sternohyoid m, thyrohyoid m, sternothyroid m

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7
Q

What is the function of the supra hyoid mm?

A

located superior to hyoid bone, elevate hyoid bone

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8
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid mm?

A

inf to hyoid and depress hyoid

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9
Q

What muscle pulls the hyoid bone posterosuperiorly during swallowing?

A

stylohyoid

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10
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric m?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal n (V3) (mylohyoid branch)

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11
Q

What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric m?

A

facial n (CN VII)

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12
Q

Where does the common tendon between the digastric bellies insert?

A

on the hyoid bone

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13
Q

Which pharyngeal arch is the anterior belly derived from? posterior?

A

1st, 2nd

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14
Q

Where does the mylohyoid brach of V3 arise from?

A

inf alveolar n

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15
Q

What does the mylohyoid m do?

A

supports and elevates floor of mouth; elevates hyoid

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid m?

A

mandibular division of trigeminal n (V3) (mylohyoid branch)

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17
Q

What m forms the floor of the mouth?

A

mylohyoid

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18
Q

What is the function of the geniohyoid m when the mandible is fixed? hyoid fixed?

A
  • elevates and pulls hyoid forward

- pulls mandible downward and inward

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid m?

A

Branch from anterior rams of C1 carried via hypoglossal n (CN XII)

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20
Q

Is the geniohyoid m part of the ant cervical triangle?

A

No

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21
Q

What is the function of sternohyoid m?

A

depresses hyoid bone after swallowing or anchors hyoid bone for infra hyoids to interact

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22
Q

What innervates sternohyoid m?

A

ant rami of C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

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23
Q

What is the function of omohyoid m?

A

depresses and fixes hyoid bone

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24
Q

What innervates omohyoid m?

A

ant rami of C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

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25
Q

What connects the superior and inferior bellies of omohyoid m?

A

intermediate tendon (attached to clavicle)

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26
Q

What is the function of thyrohyoid m?

A

depresses hyoid bone

- when hyoid fixed; raises larynx

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27
Q

What innervates thyrohyoid m?

A

fibers from ant ramps of C1 carried via hypoglossal n

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28
Q

What is the function of sternothyroid m?

A

draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

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29
Q

What innervates the sternothyroid m?

A

anterior rami of C1-3 via ansa cervicalis

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30
Q

What are the veins of the neck?

A

facial, retromandibular, anterior jugular, communicating branch, internal jugular and external jugular

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31
Q

Where does the facial v originate and drain?

A

angle of eye to internal jugular v

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32
Q

Where is retromandibular v? where do its branches drain?

A

behind mandible

  • post branch and post auricular drain into EJV
  • ant branch and facial drain to IJV
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33
Q

Where is ant jugular v and where does it drain?

A

midline of neck, drains to EJV (drains ant neck)

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34
Q

What does the communicating branch connect?

A

facial v and AJV

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35
Q

What does the internal jugular v drain?

A

brain, ant face, cervical viscera

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36
Q

What forms the external jugular v?

A

posterior auricular and post branches of retromandibular v

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37
Q

What come together to form common facial v?

A

ant retromandibular and facial v

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38
Q

What forms retromandibular v?

A

superficial temporal and maxillary vv

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39
Q

Where does the R common carotid arise from?

A

indirectly from arch of aorta from brachicephalic trunk

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40
Q

Where does the L common carotid come from?

A

direct branch off arch of aorta

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41
Q

What does the internal carotid a branch to?

A

no branches

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42
Q

Where does common carotid a bifurcate?

A

C3-4 vertebra

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43
Q

What are the ant branches of external carotid a?

A

sup thyroid a, lingual and facial aa

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44
Q

What are the post branches of external carotid a?

A

ascending pharyngeal, occipital and post auricular a

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45
Q

What does external carotid a terminate as?

A

superficial temporal a and maxillary a

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46
Q

What is the first ant branch of EC a?

A

sup thyroid a, arises from ant surface near bifurcation

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47
Q

What does the sup thyroid artery give off? Supply?

A

sup laryngeal a

supplies superior portion of thyroid gland

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48
Q

What is the 2nd branch of ECA?

A

lingual a

49
Q

where does lingual a arise above?

A

sup thyroid a at level of greater horn of hyoid bone, passes deeply into mm of tongue

50
Q

What is the 3rd branch of an ECA?

A

facial

51
Q

Where does facial a arise?

A

sup to lingual, crosses inf border of mandible to supply face

52
Q

What gland does facial a pass through?

A

submandibular gland

53
Q

What is the 1st post branch of ECA?

A

ascending pharyngeal a

54
Q

where does ascending pharyngeal a arise?

A

close to bifurcation of common carotid a

55
Q

What does ascending pharyngeal a supply?

A

pharynx and tonsils

56
Q

What is the 2nd branch of post ECA?

A

occipital a

57
Q

where does occipital a arise?

A

near level of origin of facial a, deep to post belly of digastric

58
Q

What does occipital a supply?

A

neck and scalp

59
Q

Where does the branch off occipital a go?

A

muscular branch to SCM (hooks over CN XII)

60
Q

What is 3rd post branch of ECA?

A

post auricular a

61
Q

Where does post auricular a arise?

A

sup to origin of occipital a and post belly of digastric m

62
Q

What does post auricular a supply?

A

scalp and posterior to ear

63
Q

What are the spinal n branches in the ant cervical triangle?

A

transverse cervical n (C2-3) and Ansa cervicalis (C1-3)

64
Q

What are the cranial nerves of ant cervical triangle?

A

facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

65
Q

Where does transverse cervical n (C2-3) run?

A

transversely across middle of SCM

66
Q

What does transverse cervical n supply?

A

skin of ant cervical triangle and lateral neck

67
Q

What is the nerve loop formed from ant rami of cervical nerves C1-3?

A

ansa cervicalis

68
Q

What does ansa cervicalis innervates?

A

infrahyoid mm except thyrohyoid m

69
Q

What are the fibers of the superior root of ansa cervicalis?

A

mainly C1 fibers from ant rami

70
Q

What are the fibers from inf root of ansa cervicalis?

A

ant rami of C2 and C3

71
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior cervical triangle?

A

submental, submandibular, muscular, carotid

72
Q

What are the borders of the submental triangle?

A

inferior = hyoid bone
lateral (right) = ant belly of digastric m
lateral (L) = ant belly of digastric

73
Q

What are the contents of submental triangle?

A

mylohyoid m, submental lymph nodes, small veins

74
Q

What are the borders of the submandibular (digastric) triangle?

A 
superior = inf border of mandible 
ant/inf = ant belly of digastric m
post/inf = post belly
75
Q

What are the contents of submandibular triangle?

A
  • submandibular gland
  • sumandibuilar lymph nodes
  • marginal mandibular branch of facial n (CN VII)
  • hypoglossal n
  • mylohyoid n
  • facial n
76
Q

What are the borders of the muscular triangle?

A 
sup = hyoid bone
lateral = sup belly of omohyoid and ant border of SCM m
medial = midline of neck
77
Q

What are the muscles of the muscular triangle?

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • sternothyroid
  • thyrohyoid
78
Q

What are the viscera in the muscular triangle?

A

thyroid gland, PTG, trachea, esophagus, common carotid a, internal jugular v

79
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A 
sup = stylohyoid m and post belly of digastric m
post = ant border of SCM m
anteroinferior = sup belly of omohyoid m
80
Q

What are the nerves in the carotid triangle?

A

accessory, vagus, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis, laryngeal nn

81
Q

What are the aa in the carotid triangle?

A

common, internal and external carotid aa, 6 branches of ext carotid a

82
Q

What are the vv in the carotid triangle?

A

all branches have accompanying vv draining into IJV

83
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A

carotid a (common and internal carotid) internal jugular v and vagus n

84
Q

What is the dilation of int carotid a near bifurcation of common carotid a, contains receptors that monitor blood pressure changes (baroreceptors)?

A

carotid sinus

85
Q

What is the junction between the thorax and neck?

A

root of neck; includes cervical part of parietal pleura and apical part of sup lobe of lung

86
Q

What are the major structures of the thoracic inlet (sup thoracic aperture)?

A

trachea, esophagus, brachiocephalic trunk (R), L common carotid a and L suclavian a, IJV, EJV, AJV, thoracic duct, R and L subclavian vv, phrenic nn and vagus nn and sympathetic trunk

87
Q

What is the first branch of subclavian a?

A

vertebral a, medial to ant scalene m

88
Q

Where does vertebral a enter?

A

transverse foramen of C6, passes up to C1

89
Q

What branches does thryocervical trunk divide into?

A

inf thyroid, transverse cervical, ascending cervical a and suprscapular a

90
Q

Where does inf thyroid a run?

A

post to carotid sheath and thyroid gland

91
Q

What structures do transverse cervical a and suprascapular a cross over?

A

ant surface of ant scalene m and phrenic n

92
Q

What is the major lymph channel that drains from L upper limb, head, neck, thorax, abdomen and lower limbs?

A

thoracic duct

93
Q

Where does thoracic duct lie?

A

post to esophagus between azygos v and thoracic aorta

94
Q

What does thoracic duct drain into?

A

L venous angle

- junction between L IJV and L subclavian v

95
Q

Where does R lymphatic duct drain?

A

right venous angle

- junction b/t R IJV and R subclavian v

96
Q

What are the nerves in the root of the neck?

A

phrenic, vagus, sympathetics, recurrent laryngeal and recurrent subclavian

97
Q

What provides all parasympathetic innervation to neck?

A

vagus n

98
Q

What is a branch of the vagus n?

A

R and L recurrent laryngeal n

99
Q

What are the 3 sympathetic ganglion in cervical region?

A

sup, middle and inf

100
Q

What does inf cervical ganglion coming with to form cervicothoracic ganglion?

A

first thoracic ganglion

101
Q

T/F there are white rami communicates in cervical region

A

F

102
Q

Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands found in cervical viscera?

A

endocrine layer

103
Q

Where are larynx and trachea found in cervical viscera?

A

respiratory layer

104
Q

Where are pharynx and esophagus found in cervical viscera?

A

alimentary layer

105
Q

Where does the isthmus of the thyroid gland cover?

A

2nd - 4th tracheal rings

106
Q

What is the pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland?

A

embryologic remnant

107
Q

What vertebral level is thyroid gland located?

A

C5-T1

108
Q

What plays an important role in regulation of calcium metabolism?

A

PTG, usually 4 glands within post surface of thyroid

109
Q

T/F thyroid gland is unparied

A

T

110
Q

What are the aa of the thyroid gland?

A

sup thyroid a, inf thyroid a, thyroid ima a

111
Q

What are the veins of the thyroid gland?

A

sup thyroid v, middle and inf thyroid vv

112
Q

What does sup thyroid branch off and supply?

A

ECA, supplies sup pole of lateral lobe of thyroid

113
Q

What does inf thyroid a branch off and supply?

A

thyrocervical trunk, int pole of lateral lobe

114
Q

What does thyroid ima a branch off of and supply?

A

wither brachiocephalic trunk or aorta, thyroid

115
Q

Where does sup thyroid v drain?

A

drains area supply by sup thyroid a into IJV

116
Q

Where does middle thyroid v drain?

A

rest of thyroid not drained by sup into IJV

117
Q

What does inf thyroid drain?

A

rest not drained by sup thyroid into brachiocephalic vv

118
Q

What are the deep structures of the neck? where do they lie?

A

prevertebral muscles, directly post to retropharyngeal space

Anatomy Unit 1 (11 decks)

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