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Anatomy Unit 1 > Posterior Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Posterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superficial fascia comprised of?

A

loose connective tissue and fat

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2
Q

What is the dense organized connective tissue layer of fascia and what is it missing?

A

deep fascia. fat

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3
Q

What does deep fascia envelop?

A

most body structures deep to skin and subcutaneous tissue

- compartmentalizes them

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4
Q

Which fascia layer is made up of many layers?

A

deep

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5
Q

What is an example of a muscle found in superficial neck fascia?

A

platysma m

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6
Q

What does the deep fascia aid in?

A

muscle movements, provides passageways for nn and vessels and provides attachment for some mm

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7
Q

What is a tube that provides continuity from the head to the trunk?

A

neck

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8
Q

What are the compartments within the neck?

A

1 visceral component (anterior), 1 vertebral (posterior) and 2 vascular (laterally)

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9
Q

What does the visceral component contain?

A

digestive and respiratory systems as well as some endocrine glands

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10
Q

What does the vertebral component contain?

A

cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cervical nn and mm associated with vertebral column

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11
Q

What do the vascular components contain?

A

major vessels and vagus n (CN X)

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12
Q

What are types of deep fascia of the neck?

A

investing, pretracheal, buccopharngeal, alar, prevertebral, carotid sheath

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13
Q

What does the investing fascia surround?

A

trapezius, SCM mm and infra hyoid mm

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14
Q

What does the pretracheal fascia surround?

A

thyroid, trachea and esophagus and post surface of infrahyoid mm

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15
Q

What does the buccopharyngeal fascia surround?

A
  • special area of pretracheal fascia

- pharynx posteriorly, portion of visceral fascia that resides on posterior pharynx

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16
Q

What does the alar fascia surround?

A

anterior layer of prevertebral and deep back mm

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17
Q

What does the prevertebral fascia surround?

A

prevertebral and deep back mm

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18
Q

What does the carotid sheath surround?

A

common carotid a, internal carotid a, internal jugular v and vagus n

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19
Q

What layers contribute to the carotid sheath?

A

investing, pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

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20
Q

In which view is the carotid space not visible?

A

sagittal view

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21
Q

What are the types of fascial spaces?

A

carotid sheath, pretracheal space, retropharyngeal space, prevertebral “danger” space

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22
Q

Where does the carotid sheath lie between? What forms it?

A

SCM and prevertebral mm

- formed by condensations of deep cervical fascia

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23
Q

What does the carotid sheath encase?

A

carotid aa, IJVs and vagus nn

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24
Q

Where does the carotid sheath extend? What can this cause?

A

from skull into middle mediastinum (heart)

- infections or blood may spread with sheaths

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25
Q

Where is the pretracheal space?

A
  • between trachea and infrahyoid mm

- from thyroid cartilage down into anterior mediastinum

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26
Q

Which space does not extend to the cranial base?

A

pretracheal space

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27
Q

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • between buccopharyngeal and alar fascia

- from skull base into superior mediastinum (bifurcation of trachea)

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28
Q

What space can fill if hold in sneeze?

A

retropharyngeal space fills with air, if filled with fluid takes longer to resolve

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29
Q

Where is the prevertebral “danger” space?

A
  • between alar and prevertebral fascia

- from skull base to posterior mediastinum

30
Q

Why is the ‘danger’ space bad?

A

notorious for inferior spread of infections here

31
Q

Where is zone I of the neck?

A

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

32
Q

Where is zone II of the neck?

A

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

33
Q

Where is zone III of neck?

A

angle of mandible to base of skull

34
Q

Why are the horizontal zones of the neck useful?

A

used in clinical assessment of neck trauma (ER)

35
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

SCM = anterior
trapezius m = posterior
middle 1/3 of clavicle = inferior boundary

36
Q

What are the contents of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

platysma m, external jugular v, cutaneous nn, motor nn, transverse cervical and supra scapular aa, deep muscles

37
Q

What are the superficial contents of the post cervical tri?

A

platysma m and external jugular v

38
Q

What are the cutaneous nn found in the post cervical triangle?

A

lesser occipital (C2,3), greater auricular (C2,3), transverse cervical (C2,3), supraclavicular nn (C3,4)

39
Q

Where do all of the cutaneous nn emerge?

A

deep to SCM at erb’s point

40
Q

Where does the lesser occipital n (C2,3) run?

A

superiorly along post border of SCM

41
Q

What does the lesser occipital n cross?

A

portion of occipital a

42
Q

What does the LON supply?

A

skin of scalp at apex of triangle

43
Q

Where does the greater auricular n run?

A

with EJV sup toward ear, ascend vertically on surface of SCM

44
Q

What does the GAN supply?

A

lobe of skin post to auricle and angle of mandible to mastoid process

45
Q

Where does the transverse cervical n run?

A

transversely across middle of SCM

46
Q

What does the TCN supply?

A

skin of anterior cervical triangle and lateral neck

47
Q

What are the branches of supraclavicular n?

A

medial, intermediate and lateral (post) nn

48
Q

Where does SCN run?

A

superficial to clavicle and deep to platysma

49
Q

What does SCN supply?

A

skin of clavicular region

50
Q

What motor nerves lie in the post cervical triangle?

A

accessory and phrenic(C3-5) nn

51
Q

Where does the accessory n emerge?

A

from jugular foramen of skull

52
Q

Where does the accessory n run?

A

diagonally thru triangle deep to investing fascia

53
Q

What does accessory n supply?

A

SCM and trapezius mm

54
Q

Where does the phrenic n descend?

A

vertically along ant scalene m

55
Q

What cross the phrenic n anteriorly?

A

transverse cervical a and supra scapular a

56
Q

Where does the phrenic n enter thorax?

A

between subclavian v and a

57
Q

What does the phrenic n travel along?

A

pericardial sac to supply diaphragm

58
Q

Why is there referred pain in pleurisy?

A

phrenic and supraclavicular nn share similar origins (C3-5 vs 3-4) so irritation of phrenic n referred from diaphragm to supraclavicular n in clavicular region

59
Q

What are the vessels of the post cervical triangle?

A

EJV, transverse cervical a and suprascapular a

60
Q

Where does the EJV drain?

A

into subclavian v

61
Q

Where are the transverse cervical and supra scapular a from?

A

thyrocervical trunk

62
Q

Where does the transverse cervical a and suprascapular a run?

A
  • slightly post to triangle and ant to scalene m

- laterally down, post to clavicle

63
Q

What are the deep mm of the post triangle?

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, 3 scalene mm, omohyoid m

64
Q

What is the function of the splenius capitis m?

A

extend and laterally rotate head neck

65
Q

What innervates splenius capitis m?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nn

66
Q

What does the elevator scapulae m do? what innervates it?

A

elevate scapula, dorsal scapular n (C5)

67
Q

What are the three scalene muscles and their function/ innervation?

A

anterior, middle and posterior

  • tilt neck laterally
  • ventral rami C3-8 nn
68
Q

Where does the inter scalene triangle lie?

A

deep to post cervical triangle

69
Q

What forms the inter scalene triangle?

A

ant scalene, middle scalene and 1st rib

70
Q

What passes through inter scalene triangle?

A

brachial plexus and subclavian a

71
Q

What passes ant to anterior scalene m?

A

subclavian v (not part of scalene triangle)

72
Q

What may contribute to thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

anatomical variations of interscalene triangle

Anatomy Unit 1 (11 decks)

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