Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Unit 1 > Brainstem and reticular formation > Flashcards

Brainstem and reticular formation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the tree functions of the brainstem?

A

conduit: info goes to cortex and spinal cord thru brainstem
cranial nerve: head’s version of spinal nn
integrative functions: complex motor patterns, cardiorespiratory control, reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the STT detect?

A

pain and temp, some special touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does PCML pathway detect?

A

two point touch, vibration, pressure, conscious proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does corticospinal tract detect?

A

motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three areas of brainstem rostral to obex?

A

tegmenjtum = tissue ant to ventricle
tectum = post
stuff added onto ant surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structures are part of the medulla?

A

obex, pyramidal decussation, olive, cuneate tubercle, gracile tubercle, CNs IX, Xm XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures are found in pons?

A

basal pons, middle cerebellar peduncle, CN V, VI, VII, VIII, superior cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structures found in midbrain?

A

cerebral aqueduct, superior and inferior colliculus, CN II, IV, inferior brachium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the caudal medulla extend?

A

caudal edge of pyramidal decussation to obex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does rostral medulla extend?

A

to lateral recess of 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does caudal pons extend?

A

lateral recess of 4th ventricle to middle cerebellar peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does rostral pons extend?

A

top of middle cerebellar peduncle to vertebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of axons in a spinal n of the spinal cord?

A
  • somatic sensory (paint, temp, mechanoreceptors)
  • visceral sensory (GI, blood vessels)
  • visceral motor (preganglionic autonomic)
  • somatic motor (innervate skeletal mm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the special CN functions?

A

special sensory = hearing, equilibrium

branchial motor = innervate mm derived from pharyngeal arches (larynx, pharynx, jaw, face)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many different types of nerve fibers are in brainstem?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F No CN has all 6 types of axons

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the central core of the brainstem?

A

reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the reticular formation extend?

A

into cerebrum as hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is reticular formation important to regulate?

A

posture, some stereotypic motor behaviors, regulating internal environment, pain regulation, sleep and wakefulness, emotional tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the longitudinal zones of the reticular formation?

A
  1. raphe nuclei
  2. medial zone
  3. lateral zone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the raphe nuclei zone produce?

A

serotonin

22
Q

Where is the source of most ascending and descending projections of neurons?

A

medial zone

23
Q

What does the medial zone do?

A

coordinates walking or running

24
Q

Where is the lateral zone prominent?

A

rostral medulla and caudal pons

25
Q

What is the lateral zone primarily involved in?

A

CN reflexes and visceral functions

26
Q

What are the two reticulospinal tract? where are they?

A

medial = pons and lateral = medulla

27
Q

Where does the lateral reticulospinal tract descend?

A

bilaterally in lateral funiculus

28
Q

Where does medial reticulospinal tract descend?

A

ipsilateral near MLF and in ant funiculus

29
Q

What is the major alternative to the corticospinal tract in regulating spinal motor neurons?

A

reticular formation - influences spinal motor neurons directly

30
Q

What does reticular formation regulate?

A

spinal reflexes

31
Q

Where does the reticulospinal tract receive input from?

A

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, substantia nigra, etc

32
Q

Which rhymes motor patterns does the brainstem reticular formation regulate?

A

gaze centers, mastication, locomotion (pons), heart rate, respiration, swallowing, vomiting

33
Q

What are the gaze centers of reticular formation?

A

midbrain vertical gaze center and pontine horizontal

34
Q

What are symptoms of sleep bruxism?

A

tooth grinding or clenching

- sounds, abnormal wear, jaw m discomfort

35
Q

What happens to mm in sleep bruxism?

A

state of atonia, jaw mm co-contracted, mm of mastication all contracting at same time, increased tone in mm

36
Q

What is the peripheral causes theory of bruxism?

A

malocclusion results in premature and one-sided contract, jaw movements continue in attempt to reach resting position

37
Q

What is the central causes theory of bruxism?

A

sleep-related dysfunctions cause bruxism

- input to supratrige minal nucleus may be from basal ganglia, lateral hypothalamus and central nucleus of amygdala

38
Q

where does PAG reticence pain info from?

A

spinomesencephalic fibers

39
Q

Where does pain signal travel?

A

PAG to raphe -> posterior horn of spinal cord/ spinal V nucleus

40
Q

What is one way opiates work to control pain?

A

activate PAG-raphe at multiple levels

41
Q

How can raphe inhibit STT?

A

directly or indirectly by activating interneurons and can directly inhibit pain afferents

42
Q

Where are centers controlling inspiration, expiration, breathing? heart rate and blood pressure?

A

pons and medulla

medulla

43
Q

What projections work together to modulate cortical activity?

A

thalamic intralaminar nuclear projections to cortex and monoamine reticular projections

44
Q

What results in prolonged coma?

A

bilateral damage to midbrain RF

45
Q

What has a role in sleep-wakefulness cycle?

A

Ascending reticular activating system

46
Q

What neurochemicals are in the brainstem? hypothalamus? telencephalon?

A

norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
histamine
acetylcholine

47
Q

How does noradrenergic neurons function in the medulla?

A

solitary nucleus = memory enhancement

ventrolateral medulla = pain regulation

48
Q

How do noadrenergic neurons in rostral pons function?

A

locus ceruleus = cortex (arousal) vigilance and attention

- active in attentive situations, moderate while awake and low when sleeping

49
Q

What occurs when norepinephrine is released into trigeminal spinal nucleus and spinal cord?

A

suppress incoming pain signals

50
Q

What is lost in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

A

locus ceruleus neurons

51
Q

Where are dopamine neurons?

A

midbrain (substaita nigra and ventral segmental area)

52
Q

What are the two components of schizophrenia?

A

social withdrawal and hallucinations

Anatomy Unit 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions