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Anatomy > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Endoskeleton

A

It lies within the soft tissue of the body

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2
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A
  1. Support
  2. Movement
  3. Protection
  4. Mineral Reservoir: fat, Ca, P, K, Na, Na, S, Mg, Cu
  5. Hemopoiesis: blood cell formation
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3
Q

Long Bones

A

Bones are longer than they are wide HUMERUS TIBIA

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4
Q

Short Bones

A

Do not have a long axis

WRIST AND ANKLE

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5
Q

Flat Bones

A

Bones of skull

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6
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Bones that do not fit other categories

VERTEBRAE AND SOME SKULL

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7
Q

Diploe

A

The soft spongy material between the inside table and outside table of the skull. Contains bone marrow

FLAT BONE

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8
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

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9
Q

Lamellae

A

Ring of bone

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10
Q

Harversian canal

A

Bring blood to bone

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11
Q

Lacunae

A

Cavity that houses the osteocyte

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12
Q

Canaeiculi

A

Connect osteocytes

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13
Q

Nutrients Canal

A

Allow blood and lymph vessels to enter bone marrow

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14
Q

Volkmann’s canals

A

Allow blood vessel to reach Haversian canal

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15
Q

Harvesian System location

A

ONLY IN COMPACT BONE

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16
Q

Bone is broken cleanly, the ends do not penetrate the skin

A

Simple fracture

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17
Q

Non surgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone

A

Closed reduction

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18
Q

Bone breaks from twisting force

A

Spiral fracture

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19
Q

A break is common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete

A

Greenstick Fracture

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20
Q

A fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column

A

Compression fracture

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21
Q

A fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through the skin surface

A

Compound fracture

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22
Q

Broken ends are pushed into each other

A

Impacted fracture

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23
Q

Surgical realignment of broken bone ends

A

Open reduction

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24
Q

A common type of skull fracture

A

Depressed fracture

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25
Q

Location of spongy bone in an adults bone

A

Epiphysis

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26
Q

Location of compact bone in an adults bone

A

Diaphsis

27
Q

Site of hematopoiesis in an adults bone

A

Red marrow

28
Q

Scientific name for bone shaft

A

Diaphysis

29
Q

Site of fat storage

A

Yellow marrow cavity

30
Q

Region of longitudinal growth in a child

A

Epiphyseal plate

31
Q

Composed of hyaline cartilage until the end of adolescence

A

Epiphyseal plate

32
Q

Calcaneus

A

Short

33
Q

Frontal

A

Flat

34
Q

Femur

A

Long

35
Q

Humerus

A

Long

36
Q

Mandible

A

Irregular

37
Q

Metacarpal

A

Long

38
Q

Radius

A

Long

39
Q

Sternum

A

Flat

40
Q

Vertebra

A

Irregular

41
Q

Two components of the matrix of the bone

A

A) organic framework- stretching

B) inorganic salts- withstanding compression

42
Q

Two ways mesoderm becomes bone

A

Intramembranous ossification

And

Endochondral ossification

43
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

When undifferentiated mesoderm forms spongy bone,
formation of periosteum,
and formation of compact bone plates

44
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

Cartilage models resemble future bones

Cortilange froms onto bone

45
Q

How does a bone increase in length

A

Cartilage undergoes mitosis

While epithelial cells next to the Diaphysis turn into bone

46
Q

How does a bone increase in diameter

A

Osteoblasts build and osteoclasts consume your

47
Q

When do Bones stop growing in length

A

25 in males and earlier in females

48
Q

Factors that effect bone development STRESSES

A

Gravitational- supporting weight of the body

Functional- the pull exerted from Muscle

HORMONES

NITRITION

49
Q

Compound fracture

A

Broken ends go thru skin

50
Q

Comminuted

A

Bone is splintered into many fragments w

51
Q

Depressed

A

Brown bone is pushed inward, often in flat bones

52
Q

Impacted

A

Broken ends of bone are driven into each other

53
Q

Greeenstick

A

Bone does not break all the way through

54
Q

When your body puts calcium ions where they don’t belong (kidney stones)

A

Metastatic calcification

55
Q

When, during embryonic development , the posterior portion of the spinal column fails to form a bony arch around the spinal chord

A

Spina bifida

56
Q

Common in older people

Believed to be a result of gradual reduction in rate of bone formation while rate of bone absorbtipn remains normal

A

Osteoporosis

57
Q

Bone tissue, periosteum and marrow become infected

Usually caused by staph

A

Osteomyelitis

58
Q

A bone infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis of the bones

59
Q

Bones demineralized and soften

A

In children: rickets

In adults: osteomalacia

60
Q

When you have an increase in pituitary growth hormone after growth plates have turned to bone

A

Acromegaly

61
Q

Increase in growth hormone prevents cartilage from turning to bone

A

Pituitary giant

62
Q

Decrease in growth hormone causes cartilage to harden sooner

A

Pituitary dwarf

63
Q

When epiphyseal cartilage functions for only a short time in bones and limbs
Results in normal body with small arms and legs

A

Achondroplasia

Anatomy (14 decks)

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