Skull Flashcards
Endoskeleton
It lies within the soft tissue of the body
Functions of the skeleton
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Mineral Reservoir: fat, Ca, P, K, Na, Na, S, Mg, Cu
- Hemopoiesis: blood cell formation
Long Bones
Bones are longer than they are wide HUMERUS TIBIA
Short Bones
Do not have a long axis
WRIST AND ANKLE
Flat Bones
Bones of skull
Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fit other categories
VERTEBRAE AND SOME SKULL
Diploe
The soft spongy material between the inside table and outside table of the skull. Contains bone marrow
FLAT BONE
Osteocyte
Bone cell
Lamellae
Ring of bone
Harversian canal
Bring blood to bone
Lacunae
Cavity that houses the osteocyte
Canaeiculi
Connect osteocytes
Nutrients Canal
Allow blood and lymph vessels to enter bone marrow
Volkmann’s canals
Allow blood vessel to reach Haversian canal
Harvesian System location
ONLY IN COMPACT BONE
Bone is broken cleanly, the ends do not penetrate the skin
Simple fracture
Non surgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone
Closed reduction
Bone breaks from twisting force
Spiral fracture
A break is common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete
Greenstick Fracture
A fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column
Compression fracture
A fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through the skin surface
Compound fracture
Broken ends are pushed into each other
Impacted fracture
Surgical realignment of broken bone ends
Open reduction
A common type of skull fracture
Depressed fracture
Location of spongy bone in an adults bone
Epiphysis
Location of compact bone in an adults bone
Diaphsis
Site of hematopoiesis in an adults bone
Red marrow
Scientific name for bone shaft
Diaphysis
Site of fat storage
Yellow marrow cavity
Region of longitudinal growth in a child
Epiphyseal plate
Composed of hyaline cartilage until the end of adolescence
Epiphyseal plate
Calcaneus
Short
Frontal
Flat
Femur
Long
Humerus
Long
Mandible
Irregular
Metacarpal
Long
Radius
Long
Sternum
Flat
Vertebra
Irregular
Two components of the matrix of the bone
A) organic framework- stretching
B) inorganic salts- withstanding compression
Two ways mesoderm becomes bone
Intramembranous ossification
And
Endochondral ossification
Intramembranous ossification
When undifferentiated mesoderm forms spongy bone,
formation of periosteum,
and formation of compact bone plates
Endochondral Ossification
Cartilage models resemble future bones
Cortilange froms onto bone
How does a bone increase in length
Cartilage undergoes mitosis
While epithelial cells next to the Diaphysis turn into bone
How does a bone increase in diameter
Osteoblasts build and osteoclasts consume your
When do Bones stop growing in length
25 in males and earlier in females
Factors that effect bone development STRESSES
Gravitational- supporting weight of the body
Functional- the pull exerted from Muscle
HORMONES
NITRITION
Compound fracture
Broken ends go thru skin
Comminuted
Bone is splintered into many fragments w
Depressed
Brown bone is pushed inward, often in flat bones
Impacted
Broken ends of bone are driven into each other
Greeenstick
Bone does not break all the way through
When your body puts calcium ions where they don’t belong (kidney stones)
Metastatic calcification
When, during embryonic development , the posterior portion of the spinal column fails to form a bony arch around the spinal chord
Spina bifida
Common in older people
Believed to be a result of gradual reduction in rate of bone formation while rate of bone absorbtipn remains normal
Osteoporosis
Bone tissue, periosteum and marrow become infected
Usually caused by staph
Osteomyelitis
A bone infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis of the bones
Bones demineralized and soften
In children: rickets
In adults: osteomalacia
When you have an increase in pituitary growth hormone after growth plates have turned to bone
Acromegaly
Increase in growth hormone prevents cartilage from turning to bone
Pituitary giant
Decrease in growth hormone causes cartilage to harden sooner
Pituitary dwarf
When epiphyseal cartilage functions for only a short time in bones and limbs
Results in normal body with small arms and legs
Achondroplasia
