chaoter 3

Question 1

Integral proteins

Answer 1

IN THe membrane

Question 2

Peripheral protein

Answer 2

Partly in the membrane

Question 3

Passive transport

Answer 3

Utilized kinetic energy MOLECULE MOTION ENERGY

NO ATP

Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium

Question 4

Concentration gradient

Answer 4

Difference between high and low concentration

Question 5

Simple Diffusion

Answer 5

High to low concentration

1. Small
2. Lipid soluble
3. Non-polar

Question 6

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

Certain molecules combine with a membrane carrier to become souleuable in the phospholipid portion of the memebrane

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

Movement of water high to low

Question 8

HYPERTONIC

Answer 8

Water leaves cell

Question 9

ISOTONIC

Answer 9

Water goes through cell casually

Question 10

HYPOTONIC

Answer 10

Water in the cell

Question 11

Filtration

Answer 11

Movement by gravity or mechanical measures

Question 12

ACTIVE PROCESSES

Answer 12

Uses ATP

Question 13

Endocytosis

Answer 13

Enclosing something and bringing it into the cell

Question 14

Phagocytosis

Answer 14

Food

Question 15

Pinocytosis

Answer 15

Drinking

Question 16

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 16

Selective uptake of large molecules

Question 17

Tonicity

Answer 17

The effect that water pressure has on a cell

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

Site of intracellular digestion
SUICIDE SACS!
Contain digestive enzymes
Formed in the golgi

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

Has some folds named cristae oooo

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL ATP MAKER 1000

Question 20

Microvilli

Answer 20

Increases membrane surface area

Question 21

Golgi apparatus

Answer 21

Cisternae PROCESS SORT DELIVER PROTEIN

Question 22

Functions of cells

Answer 22

REPRODUCTION 
CONTRACTILITY (muscle cells)
CONDUCTIVITY (nerves)
METABOLISM (chem reaction)
IRRITABILITY (sensory nerves)

Question 23

CENTRIOLES

Answer 23

Two rod shaped bodies near the nucleus

SPIN the mitotic spindles

Question 24

Centrosome

Answer 24

AREA OF THE CENTRIOLE

Question 25

ER

Answer 25

Provides mechanical support exchanges material with th cytoplasm and transports material within the cell

Question 26

SMOOTH ER

Answer 26

Lipid/steroid synthesis

Question 27

Rough er

Answer 27

Protein warehouse

Question 28

CELL BURSTS

Answer 28

LYSIS

Question 29

Cell shrink

Answer 29

Crenate

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

rRNA holder | Free or attached to rough ER

Question 31

Cillia

Answer 31

Moves substances across the surface | RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

Question 32

Microtubules

Answer 32

Tubes that provide support and shape for the fell Assist in movement

Question 33

Intermediate filaments

Answer 33

Provide structural reinforcement in some cells and assist in contraction in others.

Question 34

Inclusions

Answer 34

Rando chemicals in the cytoplasm nutrients and waste and shit

Question 35

Nucleus

Answer 35

Most comped structure of the cell involved in the regulation of cellular activities and contains genetic information.

Question 36

Nucleolus

Answer 36

rRNA maker

Question 37

Chromatin

Answer 37

stores DNA | Weavy threads in nucleoplasm

Question 38

Nuclear membrane

Answer 38

Surrounds nucleus and separates it from the cell

Question 39

process of making rRNA

Answer 39

Transcription

Question 40

why is transcription necessary?

Answer 40

dna can’t leave the nucleus

Question 41

Sodium potassium pump!

Answer 41

Sends out 3 sodium | Brings in 2 potassium

Question 42

How does transcription work.

Answer 42

1. Dna opens up | 2. Base pairs are made for RNA

Question 43

3 types of RNA

Answer 43

1. mRNA: takes code from nucleus to ribosome 2. rRNA: makes ribosomes 3. tRNA: brings amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome.

Question 44

Process that makes proteins from the code carried in DNA?

Answer 44

Translation

Question 45

Where does translation take place?

Answer 45

Ribosomes.

Question 46

Translation process

Answer 46

RNA to protein in the ribosome

Question 47

What must happen for a cell to divide

Answer 47

Volume too big for surface area

Question 48

Steps of mitosis

Answer 48

P: chromosomes and spindle fibers appear! the nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear. M: chromosomes align in the middle A: sister chromatids pulled apart T: chromosomes unwind a new nucleus forms

Question 49

Interphase

Answer 49

G1:cell just chilling growing S: DNA copies G2: grows again to divide

Question 50

How can DNA can act as a template

Answer 50

Can only fit together one way! A ➡️ T G➡️C (rna has U not T) THE COMPLEMENTARY NATURE OF THE BASE PAIRS

Question 51

Structure of the chromosome

Answer 51

2 chromatids and a centromere

Question 52

Chromosomes in a human cell

Answer 52

46!

Question 53

Codon

Answer 53

MRNA

Question 54

Anticodon

Answer 54

TRNA