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Anatomy > chaoter 3 > Flashcards

chaoter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Integral proteins

A

IN THe membrane

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2
Q

Peripheral protein

A

Partly in the membrane

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3
Q

Passive transport

A

Utilized kinetic energy MOLECULE MOTION ENERGY

NO ATP

Molecules move from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium

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4
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Difference between high and low concentration

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5
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

High to low concentration

  1. Small
  2. Lipid soluble
  3. Non-polar
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6
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Certain molecules combine with a membrane carrier to become souleuable in the phospholipid portion of the memebrane

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water high to low

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8
Q

HYPERTONIC

A

Water leaves cell

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9
Q

ISOTONIC

A

Water goes through cell casually

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10
Q

HYPOTONIC

A

Water in the cell

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11
Q

Filtration

A

Movement by gravity or mechanical measures

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12
Q

ACTIVE PROCESSES

A

Uses ATP

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13
Q

Endocytosis

A

Enclosing something and bringing it into the cell

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14
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Food

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15
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Drinking

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16
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Selective uptake of large molecules

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17
Q

Tonicity

A

The effect that water pressure has on a cell

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18
Q

Lysosomes

A

Site of intracellular digestion
SUICIDE SACS!
Contain digestive enzymes
Formed in the golgi

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19
Q

Mitochondria

A

Has some folds named cristae oooo

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL ATP MAKER 1000

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20
Q

Microvilli

A

Increases membrane surface area

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21
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Cisternae PROCESS SORT DELIVER PROTEIN

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22
Q

Functions of cells

A 
REPRODUCTION 
CONTRACTILITY (muscle cells)
CONDUCTIVITY (nerves)
METABOLISM (chem reaction)
IRRITABILITY (sensory nerves)
23
Q

CENTRIOLES

A

Two rod shaped bodies near the nucleus

SPIN the mitotic spindles

24
Q

Centrosome

A

AREA OF THE CENTRIOLE

25
Q

ER

A

Provides mechanical support exchanges material with th cytoplasm and transports material within the cell

26
Q

SMOOTH ER

A

Lipid/steroid synthesis

27
Q

Rough er

A

Protein warehouse

28
Q

CELL BURSTS

A

LYSIS

29
Q

Cell shrink

A

Crenate

30
Q

Ribosomes

A

rRNA holder

Free or attached to rough ER

31
Q

Cillia

A

Moves substances across the surface

RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE TRACT

32
Q

Microtubules

A

Tubes that provide support and shape for the fell

Assist in movement

33
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Provide structural reinforcement in some cells and assist in contraction in others.

34
Q

Inclusions

A

Rando chemicals in the cytoplasm nutrients and waste and shit

35
Q

Nucleus

A

Most comped structure of the cell involved in the regulation of cellular activities and contains genetic information.

36
Q

Nucleolus

A

rRNA maker

37
Q

Chromatin

A

stores DNA

Weavy threads in nucleoplasm

38
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

Surrounds nucleus and separates it from the cell

39
Q

process of making rRNA

A

Transcription

40
Q

why is transcription necessary?

A

dna can’t leave the nucleus

41
Q

Sodium potassium pump!

A

Sends out 3 sodium

Brings in 2 potassium

42
Q

How does transcription work.

A
  1. Dna opens up

2. Base pairs are made for RNA

43
Q

3 types of RNA

A
  1. mRNA: takes code from nucleus to ribosome
  2. rRNA: makes ribosomes
  3. tRNA: brings amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome.
44
Q

Process that makes proteins from the code carried in DNA?

A

Translation

45
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

Ribosomes.

46
Q

Translation process

A

RNA to protein in the ribosome

47
Q

What must happen for a cell to divide

A

Volume too big for surface area

48
Q

Steps of mitosis

A

P: chromosomes and spindle fibers appear! the nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear.

M: chromosomes align in the middle

A: sister chromatids pulled apart

T: chromosomes unwind a new nucleus forms

49
Q

Interphase

A

G1:cell just chilling growing

S: DNA copies

G2: grows again to divide

50
Q

How can DNA can act as a template

A

Can only fit together one way!

A ➡️ T

G➡️C

(rna has U not T)

THE COMPLEMENTARY NATURE OF THE BASE PAIRS

51
Q

Structure of the chromosome

A

2 chromatids and a centromere

52
Q

Chromosomes in a human cell

A

46!

53
Q

Codon

A

MRNA

54
Q

Anticodon

A

TRNA

Anatomy (14 decks)

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