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anatomy > Babies > Flashcards

Babies Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of reproductive system

A
  1. Provide a way for fertilization to occur 2. Furnished environment that is conductive to the development of a fertilized ovum
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2
Q

Time frame for fertilization, why?

A

5 days Sperm lives for 3 days Egg lives for 2

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3
Q

What is capacitation

A

A process that allows sperm to release enzymes that allow access to the ovum

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4
Q

Three things that happen after sperm and egg unite

A
  1. pronuclei fuse 2. meiosis 2 3.egg swells to block sperm
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5
Q

How is sex determined in humans

A

X: female Y: male

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6
Q

How long does it take for the embryo to reach the uterus

A

(3-4 days)

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7
Q

What is a blastocyst

A

Fluid filled sphere of cells

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8
Q

Two parts of a blastocyst

A

Trophoblast-outer spear of cells (contribute to the formation of the placenta)

Inner cell mass- accumulation of cells that will become the embryo

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9
Q

When does the blastocyst implant in the endometrium

A

7 days after fertilization

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10
Q

What is necessary to maintain the endometrium and HOW

A

Estrogen and progesterone Maintain the endometrium in inhibit the secretion of FSH & LH which prevents the development of any follicles

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11
Q

What makes the corpus luteum stay? What is it like produced by?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin HGC CHORION

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12
Q

When does the body no longer depend on the corpus luteum?

A

Second month

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13
Q

What does the placenta do 3

A
  1. Supply nutrients and remove waste from baby 2. Endocrine gland 3. Estrogen and progesterone
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14
Q

What feral blood vessels supply the placenta with blood?

A

umbelical artery

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15
Q

4 embryonic membranes

A

Amnion, yolk sac, Allantois, chorion

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16
Q

Amnion

A

-surrounds cavity between inner cell mass and trophoblasts - eventually will surround fetus - amniotic fluid protects embryo and maintains temp

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17
Q

Yolk Sac

A
  • never grows serves nutritional function in humans - forms gut tube of the embryo
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18
Q

Allantois

A
  • serves as a storage site for waste products - base of umbelical cord
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19
Q

Chorion

A
  • formed from trophoblast and mesoderm - surrounds everything - helps make placenta
20
Q

Endoderm forms:

A

Epithelial lining of glands of digestive and respiratory tract

21
Q

Mesoderm forms:

A

All skeletal, most smooth and al cardiac muscle Connective tissue

22
Q

Ectoderm

A

All nervous tissue Epidermis of skin

23
Q

How long is gestation

A

280 days from first day of last period

24
Q

Human Chronic Somatomammotropin HCS

A

-decreases mothers use of glucose to increase glucose of baby

25
Q

How often do twins occur

A

1 in 85

26
Q

Parturition

A

The process by which the fetus is expelled from the uterus

27
Q

Why are babies usually born with their head facing downwards

A

Allows head to act as a wedge for the cervix and vagina

28
Q

What is afterbirth? Why does it come out?

A

Contractions separates placenta from wall of uterus and expels it as afterbirth

29
Q

When does uterus return to normal size

A

A few minutes after delivery

30
Q

What 3 factors are associated with parturition

A
  1. Oxytocin 2. Prostaglandins 3. Oxytocin receptors
31
Q

Outline the theory of how parturition works

A
  1. Oxytocin receptors increase because of estrogen
  2. Increasing sensitivity to oxytocin
  3. Oxytocin stimulates Prostaglandin
  4. Prostaglandin and oxytocin cause contractions
  5. Cervix pressure releases more oxytocin
32
Q

What is lactation

A

Production of milk by mammary glands

33
Q

What hormones stimulates the growth of the duct system in the breasts

A

Estrogen and progesterone makes boobies get big

34
Q

Milk production hormone

A

Prolactin

35
Q

Why is the majority of milk produced after delivery

A

Because of high levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnany

36
Q

What action by the infant stimulates milk production

A

Sucking of titty

37
Q

How is the umbilical vein different from the other vessels in the fetus

A

only blood vessle with 100% O2 blood

38
Q

What is another name for the umbilicus

A

Belly button Naval

39
Q

What causes an infant to take its first breath

A

The decrease in O2 and increase in CO2

40
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovailis

41
Q

Ductus arterious

A

Ligamentum arteriousum

42
Q

Proximal portions of umbilical arteries

A

Superior vesicle arteries

43
Q

Rest of umbilical arteries

A

Umbilical ligaments

44
Q

Umbilical veins

A

Ligamentum Teres

45
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Ligamentum venosum

46
Q

flow of blood through fetus

A

Fetus > Umbilical Arteries > placenta >

Umbilical Vein

/ \

Ductous Venosus>IVC Liver > IVC

FROM THE IVC

IVC> RA > RV> pulmonary trunk > Ductus Arteriousus> Aorta> BOdy of Fetus

or

IVC> RA > RV> Foramen Ovale > LA> LV> aorta>BOdy of Fetus

47
Q

Milk Let-Down Reflex

A

If one booby is sucked on, both release milk

anatomy (14 decks)

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