Brain Flashcards
What are the parts of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
Gray matter in the regions of the cerebrum is called?
Where?
Cerebral cortex- outer layer
Basal ganglia- deep inside cerebral hemisphere
Why are they gray
Unmyelinated
How many types of white matter are in the cerebrum
3
Projection tracts
Carry either descending (motor) impulses or acceding
Association
Connect areas of cerebral cortex within the 1 hemisphere
Vary in length
Commissural tract
Connect left and right side of brain
— anterior commissure
— corpus callosum
Which white matter is sometimes severed to provide relief from epileptic seizures
Commisural
Gyri
Round ridges on surface of cerebrum
Sulci
Shallow furrows on cerebrum
Fissure
Deep furrow
Primary motor area
Frontal
Premotor area
Frontal
Brocas Area
Associated with the ability to speak
Frontal
Primary sensory area
Parietal
General sensory information
Primary visual area
occipital lobe
Primary auditory area
Temporal lobe
Primary olfactory area
temporal lobe
Primary taste area
Parietal lobe
Frontal association area
Frontal
Somatic association area
Parietal
Wernickes area
associated with the ability to chose what words you say, language
Basal ganglia
Controls skeletal activity
If damaged, involuntary contractions of spinal muscles ADHD PARKINSONS
Olfactory bulbs
On the ventral surface of each cerebral hemisphere and it’s olfactory tract
SMELL
Right cerebrum
- recognize complex visual patterns mentally picturing objects in 3D
- expression and recognition of emotion in music or art
- holistic or unitary approach
Left cerebrum
— function in verbal and sequential processes and behaviors suck as writing business letters and solving simple equations
— seems to process information in a fragmented or analytical way
What connects the two parts of the thalamus
Intermediate mass
Main function of the thalamus
The major sensory relay and integrating center of the brain
Hypothalamus
Controls processes associated with the autonomic nervous system
What is the limbic system
Primarily responsible for emotional life and has a lot to do with the formation of memories
What is a Peduncle
Stalk of fibers
What is the function of the red nucleus
Coordinated impulses between cerebellum and cerebrum
BLALANCE
What connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Vermis
White matter of the cerebellum
ARBOR VITAL
Main functions of the cerebellum
Coordinates skeletal muscle through sensory input
Receives some sensory info concerning touch, vision, and sound
Pons
(Bridge)
Connects the cerebellum with the cerebrum and Brain stem
What forms the Brian stem
Medula+ pons+ mesencephalon
Main function of the medulla oblongata
Heart rate
Respiration
Blood vessels
Coughing swallowing and vomiting
RAS
Wakes you up
If hurt, coma
How many ventricles in our brain
4
What are ventricles filled with
Cerebrospinal Fluid
what makes CSF
Choroid plexus
Meninges
3 outer dura mater
2 middle arachnoid
1 inner pia mater
What is the function of the trochlear nerves
Eye muscle
Telencephalon
Becomes: cerebrum, cerebral hemisphere
location: lateral ventricles
Diencephalon
Becomes: thalamus and hypothalamus
Location: third ventricle
Mesencephalon
Becomes: brain stem and midbrain
Location: cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon
Becomes: pons, cerebrum
Location: fourth ventricle
Myelencephalon
Becomes: brain stem, medulla oblongata
Location: fourth ventricle
What functions are the superior and inferior colliculi involved with? What structures do these 4 provinces form?
Corpora quadrigemina
Vision and sound
What is the function of CSF?
Cushion
What happened if CSF builds up in infants?
Hydrocephalus
What procedure can be done to detect infection of CSF
spinal tap
Innermost covering of the brain, delicate and vascular
Pia mater
Structures that return cerebrospinal fluid to the blood
Arachnoid villi
It’s outer layer forms the periosteum of the skull
Duramater
Contains CSF
subarachnoid space
Location of major arteries and veins
Subarachnoid space is
Contains venous blood
Dural sinuses
Attached to crista Galli of the ethmoid bone
Flex cerebri
The CSF ordinarily flows from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle and then through __________ to the fourth ventricle.
Cerebral aqueduct
Some of the CSF continues down the _____ of the spinal cord…
Central canal
…but most of it circulated into the _____…
Subarachnoid space
…by passing through three tiny openings in the walls of the______.
Fourth ventricle
The CSF is returned to the blood via the _______…
Arachnoid villi
If drained of the CSF is obstructed, the fluid accumulated under pressure, causing a condition called _______.
Hydrocephalus
Slight and transient brain injury
Concussion
Traumatic injury that destroys Brain tissue
Contusion
Total nonresponsiveness to stimulation
Coma
May cause medulla oblongata to be wedged into foramen magnum by pressure of blood
Intracranial hemorrhage
After head injury, retention of water by Brain
Cerebral edema
Results when a Brain region is deprived of blood or exposed to prolonged ischemia
CVA
Progressive degeneration of the brain with abnormal protein deposits
Alzheimer’s disease
Autoimmune disorder with extensive demyelination
Multiple sclerosis
3 layer stick
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
5 layer stick
Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesecephalon Metencephalon Myelencephalon
Telencephalon
Adult brain structures: cerebrum, cerebral, hemisphere
Neural canal: lateral ventricle
Diencephalon
Adult brain structure: thalamus, hypothalamus
Neural canal: third ventricle
Mesecephalon
Adult brain structure: Brian stem and midbrain
Neural canal: cerebral aqueduct
Metencephalon
Adult brain structures: pons, cerebellum
Neural canal regions: fourth ventricle
Myelencephalon
Adult brain structure: brain stem, medulla, oblongata
Neural canal region: fourth ventricle
