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Anatomy > Hesrt > Flashcards

Hesrt Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the circulatory system

A

Heart: pumps blood

Blood vessels: transfer blood

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2
Q

What is the mediastinum

A

The place between the lungs where the heart is located

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3
Q

What is pericardium?

A

Double layered membrane around the heart

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium

A

Visceral- inner

Parietal- outer

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5
Q

What is the condition called when you have inflamed pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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6
Q

What is atria? What is ventricles?

A

Atria: thinner and located towards the superior region of the heart, filling chambers

Ventricles: thicker, make up the bulk of the heart, pumping chambers

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7
Q

DRAw the heart picture

A

I believe in you Kaylee

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8
Q

Superior and inferior vena cava

A

Return venous from body to right atrium

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9
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries

Carry blood from right ventricle to the lungs

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10
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Carry blood from lungs to left atrium OXYGEN

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11
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from left ventricle to the body

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12
Q

Layers of the heart

A
  1. Epicardium: thin, serous membrane that adheres to the outer surface of the heart
  2. Myocardium: thickest layer, actual cardiac muscle layer
  3. Endocardium: lines inside, made of connective tissue and squamous cells
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13
Q

What determines the thickness of myocardium?

A

Thickness is related to resistance encountered in pumping

VENTRICLES: thickest
LEFT VENTRICLE: thickest

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14
Q

AV (atrioventricular) location and function

A

Flaps of endocardium and ct

FORCED SHUT As pressure in ventricles increases preventing backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

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15
Q

Semilunar valves function and location

A

Prevent blood from returning to ventricles after they have completed their contractions

PULMONary and aortic

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16
Q

Where are the tricuspid and bicuspid valve

A

Right AV- tricuspid valve

Left AV- two flaps, bicuspid valve

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17
Q

Right side of heart

A

Receives blood from vessels of the body

Sends blood to lungs and back to heart

No oxygen

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18
Q

Left side

A

Receive bloods from lungs and pumps it to the body and then heart
No oxygen

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19
Q

Circulation path

A 
RA 
TRICUSPID 
RV
PULMONARY SLV
PULMONARY TRUNK
PULMONARY ARTERIES
CAPILLARIES OF LUNGS 
PULMONARY VEINS
LA
BICUSPID VALVES
LV
AORTIC SLV
AORTA
BODY
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20
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

The period from the end of one heartbeat to the end of the next

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21
Q

What are intercalated discs

A

Where the cells of cardiac muscle meet

22
Q

To what extent do cardiac muscles contract

A

They constant automatically as much as they can

23
Q

What is the refractory period for cardiac muscles

A

When you can’t get a heartbeat the relaxation

24
Q

What does the heart depend on for energy

A

Oxygen

25
Q

Where is the SA mode located

A

In the wall of the right atrium near the surface of the SVC

26
Q

What is the fiction of the SA NODE

A

Cells are specialized to spontaneously contract 70 to 80 each minute

PACEMAKer of the HEART

27
Q

Conduction pathway of the heart

A

Yes

28
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart beat

29
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation of th heartbeat

30
Q

How long is the cardiac cycle

A

.8 seconds

31
Q

What is the definition of cardiac output, how is it calculated

A

The amount of blood pumped by either ventricle in a minute.

Heart rate times stroke volume

32
Q

What is cardiac reserve

A

The difference between normal cardiac output and max cardiac output

33
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A 
SPEED UP 
NORENPINEPHRINE
EPINEPHRINE 
DECREASE IN BLOOD OXYGEN 
INCREASE IN CALCIUM 
GIRLS
STRONG EMOTIONS
34
Q

Parasympathetic

A

ACETYLCHOLINE
ELEVATED POTASSIUM OR SODIUM
DECREAED BODY TEMP
Vagus nerves

35
Q

Venous return

A

The amount of blood flowing back to the heart in a min

36
Q

Frank Starling law of heart

A

The farther cardiac muscle stretch the more forcefully at will contract

37
Q

Cardiac output

A

Heart rate times stroke volume

38
Q

Why doesn’t stroke volume decrease when heart rate increases

A

Blood flows faster

39
Q

How much blood is pumped per min

A

5.25 Liters per min

40
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

No oxygen

Carried blood to the lungs

41
Q

Function of the vagus nerve

A

Slow heart rate

42
Q

What is stroke volume, what 2 factors affect stoke volume

A

Amount of blood rejected by ventricle during each systole
LENGTH OF DIASTOLE
VENOUS RETURN

43
Q

Results from prolonged coronary blockage

A

Myocardial infraction

44
Q

Abnormal pacemaker

A

Ectopic focus

45
Q

Allows backflow of blood

A

Incomplete valve

46
Q

Because of cardiac decompensation, circulation is inadequate to meet tissue needs

A

Congestive heart failure

47
Q

A slow heartbeat, that is, below 60 beats per minute

A

Bradycardia

48
Q

A condition in which the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump

A

Fibrillation

49
Q

A rapid heart rate, that is, over 100 beats per min

A

Tachycardia

50
Q

Damaged AV node totally or partially releasing ventricles from the control of the SA node

A

Heart block

51
Q

Chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium

A

Angina Pectoris

52
Q

Result of initial failure of the left side of the heart

A

Pulmonary congestion

Anatomy (14 decks)

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