anatomy Redt Flashcards
Define organ
A group of tissues that performs a specific function
System
A group of organs working together toward common goals
What tissues make up the integumentary system
Epithelium of the epidermis
Connective tissue of the dermis
Muscle- arrector pili
What organs make up the integumentary system
The skin and it’s derivatives
What medical specialty deals with skin disorders
Dermatology
Epidermis
Outer, thinner portion, comprised of epithelium
Dermis
Inner thicker dermis composed of connective tissue
Overlies the subcutaneous
Functions of the integumentary system
Regulations of body temperature Protection Sensation Excretion Immunity Blood reservoir Synthesis of vitamin D
What is necessary for you skin to make vitamin D
An hour of sunlight a week
Or
Fortified milk
Types of cells in the epidermis and the function of each
STRATISFIED SQUAMOUS
- Keratinocytes- make keratin waterproof
- Melanocytes- melanin darkens skin
- Langerhans- fight infection
- Merkel cells: touch
Layers of the epidermis from bottom to top
stratum basale (BABIES) Stratum spinosum (SPIT) Stratum grannulosum (GROSS) Stratum lucidium (LITTLE) Stratum Corneum (CHUNKS)
together the basale and spinosum make
Stratum germinatium
S. Basale
Mitosis center
Corneum
Continuously shed and are replaced by cells from the deeper strata
Stratum lucidium
Only on palms and soles
ONLY THICK SKIN
Status granulosum
The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.
Stratum spinosum
structure: cells in very close contact, bound, when dehydrated create little spikes that indicate where they are bonded
function: binds things together, strong binding layer
How does skin get nourishments
Diffusion
What hormone stimulates the grown of epithelial cells
EGF epidermal growth factor
Two layers of the dermis
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Papillary layer
Aereolar connective tissue containing elastic fibers dermal papillae and corpusclues of touch
Reticular layer
Irregular connective tissue containing collagen fibers and elastic fibers, adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil) glands, and ducts of sudoriferous (sweat) glands
What do collagen and Elastic fibers do to your skin
Strength, extensibility, and elasticity
Pacinian corpuscles
Location: found in the subcutaneous
PRESSURE
Meissner corpuscles
Location: papillary layer
TOUCH
End bulbs of Krause
TOUCH AND COLD
Nerve ending
Ruffini’s corpuscles
In the cutaneous tissue
PRESSURE
What does the papillary layer form
FINGER PRINTS
What pigment determined skin color
Melanin carotene and hemoglobin
Melanin
Dark skin, provides a natural sunscreen
Hemoglobin
Responsible for skin color of Caucasians
Found within red blood cells in the blood vessels
Carotene
Orange cast
Phagocytized by keratinocytes
Found predominately in the stratum Corneum
Skin grafts performances
- Mesh skin grafts: skin is taken from a different part and rolled out into a net and put over the wound
- Autologous skin transplant: skin is grown in a lab from small amounts of the patients epidermis
In terms of time how does hair grow
Cyclically
Where are nails located
Over the dorsal surface of the terminal portions of the fingers and toes
How are goose bumps formed
The tightening of Arrector Pillie’s
What do sebaceous glands do? What happens if they get clogged?
Oil glands usually connected to hair follicles absent in palms and soles
Produce sebum (moistens hair, waterproofs and softens skin, and inhibits bacterial growth)
BLACKHEADS PIMPLES BOILS
4 causes of acne
Too much sebum
Bacteria
Obstruction
Hormones
Different between a black head and a white head
Whiteheads: clog above skin
Blackhead: plug below skim
What is a boil
A boil is a skin infection of the hair follicle usually causes by staph
What do ceruminous glands do? Where are they?
Modified sudoriferous glands that produce a waxy substance called cerumen. They are found in the ear (external auditory meatus)
Outlined the phases of deep wound repair in what happens in each phase
Inflammatory phase-
A blood clot unites with the wound edges, epithelial cells my gray across the wind, but vessels get bigger and increased permeability of blood vessels deliver phagocytes in fibroblasts form
Migratory phase: epithelial cells beneath the sky bridge the wound fibroblast begin to synthesize scarred tissue and damaged blood vessels begin to grow. During this phase, tissues filling the wound is called granulation tissue
Proliferative phase: The events of the migratory phase intensify
Maturation phase: the scab comes off and the epidermis is restored to normal thickness and fibroblasts disappear
How does the skin help in maintaining body temperature
If environmental temperature is high, skin receptors since the stimulus and generate impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain then sends impulses the sweat glands to produce perspiration. As the perspiration of Everett, the skin is cooled in body temperature returns a normal
BLOOD FLOW TO THE SKIN
What happened to your skin as you age
Wrinkling Slower growth of hair and nails Dryness and cracking Decrease in melanocytes Loss of subcutaneous fat, thinner skin
What is the epidermis derived from
Ectoderm
Dermis is derived from
Wandering mesechyme cells (mesoderm)
Types of burns
1st degree: affects the outer layer of skin causing pain redness and swelling
2nd: affects both the outer an underlying layer of skin causing pain redness swelling and blistering
3rd: extends into deeper tissue epidermis dermis and hypodermis redness swelling pain peeling skin shock white or charred skin
The rule of nines
Front: 18 Back: 18 Front of arm: 4.5 Back of arm: 4.5 Pubic: 1 Leg front: 9 Leg back: 9 Head front: 9 Head back: 9
ABCD of moles
A- asymmetrical
B- border
C- color
D- diameter
Define a blister
1.
a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage.
synonyms: v
What are the two types of sweat glands, and how do they differ
Eccrine: more common, end in pores on skin
Apocrine: limited, end in hair follicles, thick secretion, smelly
