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Anatomy > anatomy Redt > Flashcards

anatomy Redt Flashcards

1
Q

Define organ

A

A group of tissues that performs a specific function

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2
Q

System

A

A group of organs working together toward common goals

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3
Q

What tissues make up the integumentary system

A

Epithelium of the epidermis
Connective tissue of the dermis
Muscle- arrector pili

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4
Q

What organs make up the integumentary system

A

The skin and it’s derivatives

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5
Q

What medical specialty deals with skin disorders

A

Dermatology

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer, thinner portion, comprised of epithelium

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7
Q

Dermis

A

Inner thicker dermis composed of connective tissue

Overlies the subcutaneous

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8
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A 
Regulations of body temperature 
Protection 
Sensation 
Excretion 
Immunity 
Blood reservoir 
Synthesis of vitamin D
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9
Q

What is necessary for you skin to make vitamin D

A

An hour of sunlight a week
Or
Fortified milk

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10
Q

Types of cells in the epidermis and the function of each

A

STRATISFIED SQUAMOUS

  1. Keratinocytes- make keratin waterproof
  2. Melanocytes- melanin darkens skin
  3. Langerhans- fight infection
  4. Merkel cells: touch
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11
Q

Layers of the epidermis from bottom to top

A 
stratum basale (BABIES)
Stratum spinosum (SPIT)
Stratum grannulosum (GROSS) 
Stratum lucidium (LITTLE)
Stratum Corneum (CHUNKS)
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12
Q

together the basale and spinosum make

A

Stratum germinatium

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13
Q

S. Basale

A

Mitosis center

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14
Q

Corneum

A

Continuously shed and are replaced by cells from the deeper strata

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15
Q

Stratum lucidium

A

Only on palms and soles

ONLY THICK SKIN

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16
Q

Status granulosum

A

The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.

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17
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

structure: cells in very close contact, bound, when dehydrated create little spikes that indicate where they are bonded
function: binds things together, strong binding layer

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18
Q

How does skin get nourishments

A

Diffusion

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19
Q

What hormone stimulates the grown of epithelial cells

A

EGF epidermal growth factor

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20
Q

Two layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer

Reticular layer

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21
Q

Papillary layer

A

Aereolar connective tissue containing elastic fibers dermal papillae and corpusclues of touch

22
Q

Reticular layer

A

Irregular connective tissue containing collagen fibers and elastic fibers, adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil) glands, and ducts of sudoriferous (sweat) glands

23
Q

What do collagen and Elastic fibers do to your skin

A

Strength, extensibility, and elasticity

24
Q

Pacinian corpuscles

A

Location: found in the subcutaneous

PRESSURE

25
Q

Meissner corpuscles

A

Location: papillary layer

TOUCH

26
Q

End bulbs of Krause

A

TOUCH AND COLD

Nerve ending

27
Q

Ruffini’s corpuscles

A

In the cutaneous tissue

PRESSURE

28
Q

What does the papillary layer form

A

FINGER PRINTS

29
Q

What pigment determined skin color

A

Melanin carotene and hemoglobin

30
Q

Melanin

A

Dark skin, provides a natural sunscreen

31
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Responsible for skin color of Caucasians

Found within red blood cells in the blood vessels

32
Q

Carotene

A

Orange cast
Phagocytized by keratinocytes
Found predominately in the stratum Corneum

33
Q

Skin grafts performances

A
  1. Mesh skin grafts: skin is taken from a different part and rolled out into a net and put over the wound
  2. Autologous skin transplant: skin is grown in a lab from small amounts of the patients epidermis
34
Q

In terms of time how does hair grow

A

Cyclically

35
Q

Where are nails located

A

Over the dorsal surface of the terminal portions of the fingers and toes

36
Q

How are goose bumps formed

A

The tightening of Arrector Pillie’s

37
Q

What do sebaceous glands do? What happens if they get clogged?

A

Oil glands usually connected to hair follicles absent in palms and soles

Produce sebum (moistens hair, waterproofs and softens skin, and inhibits bacterial growth)

BLACKHEADS PIMPLES BOILS

38
Q

4 causes of acne

A

Too much sebum
Bacteria
Obstruction
Hormones

39
Q

Different between a black head and a white head

A

Whiteheads: clog above skin
Blackhead: plug below skim

40
Q

What is a boil

A

A boil is a skin infection of the hair follicle usually causes by staph

41
Q

What do ceruminous glands do? Where are they?

A

Modified sudoriferous glands that produce a waxy substance called cerumen. They are found in the ear (external auditory meatus)

42
Q

Outlined the phases of deep wound repair in what happens in each phase

A

Inflammatory phase-
A blood clot unites with the wound edges, epithelial cells my gray across the wind, but vessels get bigger and increased permeability of blood vessels deliver phagocytes in fibroblasts form

Migratory phase: epithelial cells beneath the sky bridge the wound fibroblast begin to synthesize scarred tissue and damaged blood vessels begin to grow. During this phase, tissues filling the wound is called granulation tissue

Proliferative phase: The events of the migratory phase intensify

Maturation phase: the scab comes off and the epidermis is restored to normal thickness and fibroblasts disappear

43
Q

How does the skin help in maintaining body temperature

A

If environmental temperature is high, skin receptors since the stimulus and generate impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain then sends impulses the sweat glands to produce perspiration. As the perspiration of Everett, the skin is cooled in body temperature returns a normal

BLOOD FLOW TO THE SKIN

44
Q

What happened to your skin as you age

A 
Wrinkling 
Slower growth of hair and nails 
Dryness and cracking
Decrease in melanocytes 
Loss of subcutaneous fat, thinner skin
45
Q

What is the epidermis derived from

A

Ectoderm

46
Q

Dermis is derived from

A

Wandering mesechyme cells (mesoderm)

47
Q

Types of burns

A

1st degree: affects the outer layer of skin causing pain redness and swelling

2nd: affects both the outer an underlying layer of skin causing pain redness swelling and blistering
3rd: extends into deeper tissue epidermis dermis and hypodermis redness swelling pain peeling skin shock white or charred skin

48
Q

The rule of nines

A 
Front: 18
Back: 18
Front of arm: 4.5
Back of arm: 4.5
Pubic: 1
Leg front: 9
Leg back: 9 
Head front: 9
Head back: 9
49
Q

ABCD of moles

A

A- asymmetrical
B- border
C- color
D- diameter

50
Q

Define a blister

A

1.
a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or other damage.
synonyms: v

51
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands, and how do they differ

A

Eccrine: more common, end in pores on skin

Apocrine: limited, end in hair follicles, thick secretion, smelly

Anatomy (14 decks)

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