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Summer 2014: Physiology > Skin Physiology > Flashcards

Skin Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what causes pigmentation in the skin?

A

melanocytes

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2
Q

what plays an important role in skin coloration (not pigmentation)?

A

hemoglobin

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3
Q

when hemoglobin content decreases, skin color will?

A

become pale (pallor/blanching)

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4
Q

when hemoglobin content decreases excessively, skin color will?

A

become blue (cynosis)

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5
Q

when hemoglobin rushes to the skin due to vasodilation, skin color will?

A

become pink

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6
Q

medical term for skin redness?

A

erythema

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7
Q

NTC: embarassment

A

erythema

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8
Q

NTC: fever

A

erythema

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9
Q

NTC: hypertension

A

erythema

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10
Q

NTC: inflammation/allergy

A

erythema

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11
Q

NTC: emotional distress

A

Pallor/Blanching

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12
Q

NTC: anemia

A

Pallor/Blanching

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13
Q

NTC: low blood pressure

A

Pallor/Blanching

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14
Q

NTC: Liver disease

A

Jaundice

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15
Q

NTC: Bile in tissue

A

Jaundice

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16
Q

NTC: hypofunction of the adrenal cortex

A

Bronzing

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17
Q

NTC: bruising or blood clots

A

Black and Blue

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18
Q

NTC: accumulation of melanin

A

freckles and moles

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19
Q

NTC: too much vitamin A

A

Orange

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20
Q

NTC: bile pigments in blood and carotenes in subcutaneous fat

A

Yellowish

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21
Q

location of specialized cutaneous receptors and nerve endings

A

dermal layer of the skin

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22
Q

how does vasodilation regulated body temp?

A

increasing blood flow

23
Q

how does vasoconstriction regulated body temp?

A

decreasing blood flow

24
Q

Parts of a skin assessment (5):

A
  1. Color
  2. Integrity
  3. Moisture
  4. Temperature
  5. Turgor
25
Q

of days for skin renewal?

A

28-50 by shedding the outtermost layer

26
Q

pH range for skin

A

4.0 to 5.6

27
Q

Thin outer layer of skin?

A

Epidermis

28
Q

Thick CT layer of skin?

A

Dermis

29
Q

Subcutaneous layer of skin?

A

Hypodermis

30
Q

What layer follows the subcutaneous?

A

Muscle and Fat

31
Q

What is the epidermis made of?

A

Stratified ET

32
Q

T/F Epidermis is vascular

A

False

33
Q

How does the epidermis get it’s nutrients?

A

the capillaries in the dermis

34
Q

which layer of the skin contains nerves, blood, and lymph?

A

Dermis

35
Q

Where do oil and sweat glands originate?

A

Dermis

36
Q

What layer of the skin is responsible for stretch marks?

A

Dermis

37
Q

Which layer of the skin anchors skin to underlying structures?

A

Hypodermis

38
Q

Which layer of the skin contains adipose tissue and blood vessels?

A

Hypodermis

39
Q

Which layer of the skin is a common site for injections?

A

Hypodermis

40
Q

What layers does a partial thickness tissue loss wound include?

A

Epidermis and into the dermis

41
Q

How does a partial thickness tissue loss wound heal?

A

Epitheliaztion/Regeneration of epidermis across the wound

42
Q

What layers does a full thickness tissue loss wound include?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
AND
may involve muscle, tendon, or bone

43
Q

Stages of a full thickness tissue loss wound healing (3)?

A
  1. Granulation
  2. Contraction
  3. Epithelialization
44
Q

what is eschar/slough?

A

dead skin where nerves are dead or dying; usually black in color

45
Q

what’re the stages of wound healing (4)?

A
  1. Not Healing
  2. Early/Partial Granulation
  3. Fully Granulating
  4. Newly Epithelialized
46
Q

what is exudate?

A

liquid

47
Q

In what layer does granulation take place?

A

hypodermal/subcutaneous

48
Q

most common site for pressure ulcers?

A

bony prominences

49
Q

what is shear?

A

mechanical force caused my gravity and friction

50
Q

Where do venous ulcers usually occur on the body?

A

lower extremity

51
Q

where do diabetic ulcers usually occur?

A

lower limbs

52
Q

what causes venous/stasis ulcers?

A

inadequate venous circulation

53
Q

what causes arterial ulcers?

A

inadequate blood supply (usually from blockages such as fatty plaque in the arteries)

Summer 2014: Physiology (10 decks)

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