Endocrine Flashcards
Diabetes Mellitus
insufficiency of insulin
Common sign of Diabetes mellitus?
weight loss
Aldosterone deficiency
decrease in plasma volume leading to dehyradtion
Anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, lethargy, hypotension, weak pulse, and impaired stress tolerance are all characteristic of what deficiency?
cortisol deficiency
Loss of body hair, impotence, menstrual and fertility disorder are all characteristic of what disorder?
Sex hormone deficiency
Hypoparathyroidism
Decrease in PTH production thus a decrease in CA levels (CA is deposited in bones and excreted)
Tingling of fingers, Chvostek sign, and Trousseau’s sign are all characteristic of what disorder?
Acute Hypocalcemia
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Tapping on the jawline and a tic will appear on the upper lip
What is Trousseau’s sign?
Apply a BP cuff for 3 minutes and the wrist and metacarpals will flex and all the fingers will move in a manner as if you are picking something up
Fatigue, weakness, personality changes, dry scaly skin, cardiac arrythmia, and cataract are all characteristic of what disorder?
Chronic Hypocalcemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Increased PTH production thus an increased level of CA resulting in hypercalcemia
Tumor or hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland?
Primary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia
Compensatory oversecretion of PTH in response to hypocalcemia
Secondary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia
Bone pain in back, fractures, muscle weakness, personality changes, depression, and cardiac arrythmias are all characteristic of what disorder?
Hyperparathyroidism/Hypercalcemia
What 2 characteristics are unique to hyperparathyroid?
Depression and personality changes
List hormones from anterior pituitary gland
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH (somatropin), PRL
List hormones from posterior pituitary gland
ADH, oxytocin
List hormones from thyroid gland
T3, T4, thryocalcitonin
What causes Cushing’s Disease?
Increased ACTH
What hormone has the opposite effect as calcitonin?
PTH
PAL: Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):
Hypofunction of GH
PAL: Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)
Hyperfunction of GH
PAL: Atrophy of the adrenal cortex
Hypofunction of ACTH
PAL: Cushing’s Disease
Hyperfunction of ACTH
PAL: Atrophy and depressed thyroid function
Hypofunction of TSH
PAL: Grave’s Disease
Hyperfunction of TSH
PAL: Atrophy and infertility
Hypofunction of FSH
PAL: Exaggerated function of sex organs
Hyperfunction of FSH
PAL: Underdevelopment of mammary glands
Hypofunction of PRL
PAL: Decreased Milk Production
Hyperfunction of PRL
Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):
Hypofunction of GH
Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)
Hyperfunction of GH
Atrophy of the adrenal cortex
Hypofunction of ACTH
Cushing’s Disease
Hyperfunction of ACTH
Atrophy and depressed thyroid function
Hypofunction of TSH
Grave’s Disease
Hyperfunction of TSH
Atrophy and infertility
Hypofunction of FSH
Exaggerated function of sex organs
Hyperfunction of FSH
Underdevelopment of mammary glands
Hypofunction of PRL
Decreased Milk Production
Hyperfunction of PRL
What happens with eosinophilic tumor?
- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)
- increased GH and PRL
What happens with basophilic tumor?
- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)
- increased TSH, FSH, MSH, ACTH (Cushing’s disease)
What happens with chromophobe tumor?
- hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)
- increased ACTH and GH
What happens when too much TSH is released from anterior pituitary?
Grave’s disease
Name of dwarfism in adults
cachexia
Explain how weight and appetite are affected with hypo vs. hyperthyroidism?
Hypo = weight increased, appetite decreased Hyper = weight decreased, appetite increased
2 Cautions of Diabetes Insipidus
Restricted salt intake
Water intake restricted
PPL: Diabetes Insipidus
Inappropriate diuretic hormone
What is cretinism?
- hypothryoidism
- called myxedema in adults
- occurs in infants/young kids and leads to stunted growth physically and mentally
Describe hypophosphatemia
- symptom of hyperthyroidism
- low levels of phosphate in blood
