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Summer 2014: Physiology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

insufficiency of insulin

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2
Q

Common sign of Diabetes mellitus?

A

weight loss

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3
Q

Aldosterone deficiency

A

decrease in plasma volume leading to dehyradtion

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4
Q

Anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, lethargy, hypotension, weak pulse, and impaired stress tolerance are all characteristic of what deficiency?

A

cortisol deficiency

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5
Q

Loss of body hair, impotence, menstrual and fertility disorder are all characteristic of what disorder?

A

Sex hormone deficiency

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6
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Decrease in PTH production thus a decrease in CA levels (CA is deposited in bones and excreted)

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7
Q

Tingling of fingers, Chvostek sign, and Trousseau’s sign are all characteristic of what disorder?

A

Acute Hypocalcemia

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8
Q

What is Chvostek’s sign?

A

Tapping on the jawline and a tic will appear on the upper lip

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9
Q

What is Trousseau’s sign?

A

Apply a BP cuff for 3 minutes and the wrist and metacarpals will flex and all the fingers will move in a manner as if you are picking something up

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10
Q

Fatigue, weakness, personality changes, dry scaly skin, cardiac arrythmia, and cataract are all characteristic of what disorder?

A

Chronic Hypocalcemia

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11
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Increased PTH production thus an increased level of CA resulting in hypercalcemia

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12
Q

Tumor or hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland?

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia

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13
Q

Compensatory oversecretion of PTH in response to hypocalcemia

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism/hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Bone pain in back, fractures, muscle weakness, personality changes, depression, and cardiac arrythmias are all characteristic of what disorder?

A

Hyperparathyroidism/Hypercalcemia

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15
Q

What 2 characteristics are unique to hyperparathyroid?

A

Depression and personality changes

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16
Q

List hormones from anterior pituitary gland

A

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH (somatropin), PRL

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17
Q

List hormones from posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH, oxytocin

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18
Q

List hormones from thyroid gland

A

T3, T4, thryocalcitonin

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19
Q

What causes Cushing’s Disease?

A

Increased ACTH

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20
Q

What hormone has the opposite effect as calcitonin?

A

PTH

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21
Q

PAL: Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):

A

Hypofunction of GH

22
Q

PAL: Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)

A

Hyperfunction of GH

23
Q

PAL: Atrophy of the adrenal cortex

A

Hypofunction of ACTH

24
Q

PAL: Cushing’s Disease

A

Hyperfunction of ACTH

25
Q

PAL: Atrophy and depressed thyroid function

A

Hypofunction of TSH

26
Q

PAL: Grave’s Disease

A

Hyperfunction of TSH

27
Q

PAL: Atrophy and infertility

A

Hypofunction of FSH

28
Q

PAL: Exaggerated function of sex organs

A

Hyperfunction of FSH

29
Q

PAL: Underdevelopment of mammary glands

A

Hypofunction of PRL

30
Q

PAL: Decreased Milk Production

A

Hyperfunction of PRL

31
Q

Dwarfism (young) & Cachexia (adult):

A

Hypofunction of GH

32
Q

Gigantism (young) & Acromegaly (adult)

A

Hyperfunction of GH

33
Q

Atrophy of the adrenal cortex

A

Hypofunction of ACTH

34
Q

Cushing’s Disease

A

Hyperfunction of ACTH

35
Q

Atrophy and depressed thyroid function

A

Hypofunction of TSH

36
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Hyperfunction of TSH

37
Q

Atrophy and infertility

A

Hypofunction of FSH

38
Q

Exaggerated function of sex organs

A

Hyperfunction of FSH

39
Q

Underdevelopment of mammary glands

A

Hypofunction of PRL

40
Q

Decreased Milk Production

A

Hyperfunction of PRL

41
Q

What happens with eosinophilic tumor?

A
  • hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)

- increased GH and PRL

42
Q

What happens with basophilic tumor?

A
  • hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)

- increased TSH, FSH, MSH, ACTH (Cushing’s disease)

43
Q

What happens with chromophobe tumor?

A
  • hyperpituitarism (anterior pituitary)

- increased ACTH and GH

44
Q

What happens when too much TSH is released from anterior pituitary?

A

Grave’s disease

45
Q

Name of dwarfism in adults

A

cachexia

46
Q

Explain how weight and appetite are affected with hypo vs. hyperthyroidism?

A 
Hypo = weight increased, appetite decreased
Hyper = weight decreased, appetite increased
47
Q

2 Cautions of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Restricted salt intake

Water intake restricted

48
Q

PPL: Diabetes Insipidus

A

Inappropriate diuretic hormone

49
Q

What is cretinism?

A
  • hypothryoidism
  • called myxedema in adults
  • occurs in infants/young kids and leads to stunted growth physically and mentally
50
Q

Describe hypophosphatemia

A
  • symptom of hyperthyroidism

- low levels of phosphate in blood

Summer 2014: Physiology (10 decks)

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