Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Summer 2014: Physiology > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Progressive waves of contractions that move from one section to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does peristalsis occur?

A
  • esophagus = moves food from pharynx to stomach
  • stomach = helps mix food
  • small intestine (but not primary mvmt)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is segmentation?

A

short segments of small and large intestines alternately contracting/relaxing which mixes contents and keeps them in contact w/absorptive epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is peristalsis or segmentation faster and why?

A

Segmentation is faster bc:

  1. there are multiple contractions at a time vs. peristalsis is just 1 contraction at a time
  2. small and large intestine are larger than the stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 3 sections of small intestine in order

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the location of the most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption?

A

Jejunum of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name of the sphincter at the end of the small intestine?

A

ileocecal valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 functions of the pancreas?

A
  1. Endocrine cells secrete insulin and glucagon into bloodstream
  2. Exocrine cells secrete pancreatic juices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 2 enteric NS plexuses

A
  1. Submucosal nerve plexus

2. Myenteric nerve plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the myenteric plexus control?

A

contraction of smooth muscle (peristalsis and segmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the submucosal plexus control?

A
  1. endo and exocrine secretion of the mucosa

2. mechano and chemoreceptors in the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a videofluoroscopy?

A

there is a screen behind the patient and the camera in front takes a photo while swallowing takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is areflexic bowel? What 2 things could possibly be damaged?

A

Flaccid bowel

The internal or external muscle OR sensory or motor nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who has hyperreflexia?

A

SCI at T-5 or above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hyperreflexia?

A

Overreactivity of ANS which causes narrowing of blood vessels and increase in BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a videofluoroscopy?

A

there is a screen behind the patient and the camera in front takes a photo while swallowing takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Swallowing is a reflex. (T/F)

A

False

Swallowing is a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pseudobulbar Dysphagia: Which motor neuron is affected and what do these nerves supply?

A

Upper motor neuron

nerves that supply the brainstem/brain

19
Q

What is scintigraphy?

A

radioactive isotopes in food and swallow

20
Q

What is manometry?

A

catheter down the esophagus to look at PRESSURE only

21
Q

What is an Electromyography?

A

electrodes on parts and see if the muscle is firing

22
Q

3 types of Dysphagia?

A
  1. Paralytic
  2. Pseudobulbar
  3. Mechanical
23
Q

Paralytic Dysphagia: Which motor neuron is affected and what do these nerves supply?

A

Lower motor neuron

nerves that supply the extremity

24
Q

Pseudobulbar Dysphagia: Which motor neuron is affected and what do these nerves supply?

A

Upper motor neuron

nerves that supply the brainstem/brain

25
Q

What 3 cranial nerves are involved in initiation of swallowing?

A 
CN 5 (trigeminal)
CN 7 (facial)
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)
26
Q

Which 2 cranial nerves innervate the tongue?

A 
CN 7 (facial) is anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN 9 (glossopharyngeal) is posterior 1/3 of tongue
27
Q

What cranial nerve innervates all extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles and is involved in receiving info about motor mvmt?

A

CN 12- hypoglossal

28
Q

Where is sensory and motor info sent to for processing?

A

swallowing center of medulla

29
Q

What cranial nerves are involved in motor function for swallowing?

A

Once swallow response is initiated from medulla msgs are sent to:
CN 10 -vagus
CN 9 -glossopharyngeal
CN 12 - hypoglossal

30
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

difficulty w/any stage of swallowing

31
Q

Name 3 types of dysphagia

A
  1. paralytic
  2. pseudobulbar
  3. mechanical
32
Q

Name 6 tests for dysphagia

A
  1. Electromyography
  2. Endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
  3. Manometry
  4. Scintigraphy
  5. Ultrasonography
  6. Videofluoroscopy
33
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia (hyperreflexia)?

A
  • unique to pt after SCI at T5 and above
  • over activity of sympathetic portion of ANS
  • occurs when irritating stimulus introduced below SCI injury or when need to make a bowel mvmt
34
Q

Is fecal incontinence normal with age?

A

The inability to control bowels is not normal.

35
Q

What is areflexic bowel?

A

muscles not contracting so inability to control bowels bc of internal and/or external sphincter damage from sensory or motor nerve damage

36
Q

CN whose motor component innervates muscles involved in swallowing?

A

CN V Trigeminal

37
Q

CN whose sensory component carries sensations from the face, mouth, and mandible

A

CN V Trigeminal

38
Q

CN whose motor component innervates lip muscles and buccinator muscles to prevent slipping out and building up of food

A

CN VII Facial

39
Q

CN whose sensory component carriers information about anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

CN VII Facial

40
Q

CN whose motor component innervates the 3 salivary glands

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

41
Q

CN whose sensory component carries information about posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

CN IX glossopharyngeal

42
Q

Which CN innervates all the innervates all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

CN XII Hypoglossal

43
Q

CN whose motor component innervates palatine muscles, pharyngeal constructors, intrinsic larynx, and esophageal muscles?

A

CN X Vagus

44
Q

CN whose sensory component carries information about the posterior and inferior portions of the pharynx and larynx

A

CN X Vagus

Summer 2014: Physiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions