Introduction/pH

Question 1

Water makes up what % of the human body?

Answer 1

50-70% (~60%)

Question 2

Do male or females have a higher water ratio? Why?

Answer 2

Men because females have more adipose tissue

Question 3

Two major compartments of body water? What %?

Answer 3

1. ICF (40% or 25 L)

2. ECF (20% or 15 L)

Question 4

What two components make up ECF? What %?

Answer 4

1. ISF (80% or 12 L)

2. Plasma (20% or 3 L)

Question 5

What differentiates ISF and Plasma?

Answer 5

Plasma Proteins

Question 6

What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF?

Answer 6

Equal

Question 7

3 methods for water intake?

Answer 7

1. Food
2. Water intake
3. Metabolic (reactions)

Question 8

3 methods for water output?

Answer 8

1. Feces
2. Respiration
3. Sweating

Question 9

Which 2 particles do the body act as a solvent for?

Answer 9

1. Electrolytes

2. Nonelectrolytes

Question 10

What constitutes an electrolyte?

Answer 10

Particles that can dissociate in solution from other particles
AND
exist as an electrically charged ion

Question 11

What constitutes a nonelectrolyte?

Answer 11

Particles that cannot dissociate in a solution; they are mostly organic

Question 12

Ways in which solutes can be expressed (3)?

Answer 12

1. Moles (mol/L)
2. Equivalents (Eq/L)
3. Osmoles (Osm/L)

Question 13

In biological solutions, concentrations of solutes are written how? Are they usually high or low?

Answer 13

millimoles/L, milliequivalents/L, and milliosmoles/L
AND
low

Question 14

What is osmolarity? How is it expressed?

Answer 14

Concentration of particles in a solution
AND
osmole/L

Question 15

What 2 things contribute to the osmolarity of a solution?

Answer 15

1. Electrolytes

2. Nonelectrolytes

Question 16

What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does not dissociate in a solution?

Answer 16

Osmolarity=Molarity

Question 17

What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does dissociate in a solution?

Answer 17

Osmolarity= molarity x # of particles

i.e. 1 mmol/L of NaCl is 2 mOsm/L because NaCl have two particles

Question 18

What is pH?

Answer 18

The measure of H+ concentration in body fluids

Question 19

What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF? Why is it this way?

Answer 19

They are the same (290 mOsm/L) because of a freely movable membrane.

Question 20

What water shift occurs during blood loss?

Answer 20

Shift of water from ISF to the vascular compartments

Question 21

What water shift occurs during ISF loss?

Answer 21

Shrinkage
AND
shift of ICF to ISF

Question 22

What water shift occurs during excessive hydration of ECF?

Answer 22

From ECF to ICF

Question 23

What is electroneutrality?

Answer 23

Equal number of cations and anions in fluid compartments

Question 24

Sodium Potassium Pump

Answer 24

3 Na ions move from ICF to ECF

2 K ions move from ECF to ICF

Question 25

“Down an electrochemical gradient”

Answer 25

Passive/Downhill

Question 26

“Up an electrochemical gradient”

Answer 26

Active/Uphill