Introduction/pH Flashcards

1
Q

Water makes up what % of the human body?

A

50-70% (~60%)

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2
Q

Do male or females have a higher water ratio? Why?

A

Men because females have more adipose tissue

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3
Q

Two major compartments of body water? What %?

A
  1. ICF (40% or 25 L)

2. ECF (20% or 15 L)

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4
Q

What two components make up ECF? What %?

A
  1. ISF (80% or 12 L)

2. Plasma (20% or 3 L)

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5
Q

What differentiates ISF and Plasma?

A

Plasma Proteins

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6
Q

What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF?

A

Equal

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7
Q

3 methods for water intake?

A
  1. Food
  2. Water intake
  3. Metabolic (reactions)
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8
Q

3 methods for water output?

A
  1. Feces
  2. Respiration
  3. Sweating
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9
Q

Which 2 particles do the body act as a solvent for?

A
  1. Electrolytes

2. Nonelectrolytes

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10
Q

What constitutes an electrolyte?

A

Particles that can dissociate in solution from other particles
AND
exist as an electrically charged ion

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11
Q

What constitutes a nonelectrolyte?

A

Particles that cannot dissociate in a solution; they are mostly organic

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12
Q

Ways in which solutes can be expressed (3)?

A
  1. Moles (mol/L)
  2. Equivalents (Eq/L)
  3. Osmoles (Osm/L)
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13
Q

In biological solutions, concentrations of solutes are written how? Are they usually high or low?

A

millimoles/L, milliequivalents/L, and milliosmoles/L
AND
low

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14
Q

What is osmolarity? How is it expressed?

A

Concentration of particles in a solution
AND
osmole/L

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15
Q

What 2 things contribute to the osmolarity of a solution?

A
  1. Electrolytes

2. Nonelectrolytes

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16
Q

What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does not dissociate in a solution?

A

Osmolarity=Molarity

17
Q

What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does dissociate in a solution?

A

Osmolarity= molarity x # of particles

i.e. 1 mmol/L of NaCl is 2 mOsm/L because NaCl have two particles

18
Q

What is pH?

A

The measure of H+ concentration in body fluids

19
Q

What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF? Why is it this way?

A

They are the same (290 mOsm/L) because of a freely movable membrane.

20
Q

What water shift occurs during blood loss?

A

Shift of water from ISF to the vascular compartments

21
Q

What water shift occurs during ISF loss?

A

Shrinkage
AND
shift of ICF to ISF

22
Q

What water shift occurs during excessive hydration of ECF?

A

From ECF to ICF

23
Q

What is electroneutrality?

A

Equal number of cations and anions in fluid compartments

24
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

3 Na ions move from ICF to ECF

2 K ions move from ECF to ICF

25
Q

“Down an electrochemical gradient”

A

Passive/Downhill

26
Q

“Up an electrochemical gradient”

A

Active/Uphill