Introduction/pH Flashcards
Water makes up what % of the human body?
50-70% (~60%)
Do male or females have a higher water ratio? Why?
Men because females have more adipose tissue
Two major compartments of body water? What %?
- ICF (40% or 25 L)
2. ECF (20% or 15 L)
What two components make up ECF? What %?
- ISF (80% or 12 L)
2. Plasma (20% or 3 L)
What differentiates ISF and Plasma?
Plasma Proteins
What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF?
Equal
3 methods for water intake?
- Food
- Water intake
- Metabolic (reactions)
3 methods for water output?
- Feces
- Respiration
- Sweating
Which 2 particles do the body act as a solvent for?
- Electrolytes
2. Nonelectrolytes
What constitutes an electrolyte?
Particles that can dissociate in solution from other particles
AND
exist as an electrically charged ion
What constitutes a nonelectrolyte?
Particles that cannot dissociate in a solution; they are mostly organic
Ways in which solutes can be expressed (3)?
- Moles (mol/L)
- Equivalents (Eq/L)
- Osmoles (Osm/L)
In biological solutions, concentrations of solutes are written how? Are they usually high or low?
millimoles/L, milliequivalents/L, and milliosmoles/L
AND
low
What is osmolarity? How is it expressed?
Concentration of particles in a solution
AND
osmole/L
What 2 things contribute to the osmolarity of a solution?
- Electrolytes
2. Nonelectrolytes
What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does not dissociate in a solution?
Osmolarity=Molarity
What happens to the osmolarity if a solute does dissociate in a solution?
Osmolarity= molarity x # of particles
i.e. 1 mmol/L of NaCl is 2 mOsm/L because NaCl have two particles
What is pH?
The measure of H+ concentration in body fluids
What is the osmolarity of ICF and ECF? Why is it this way?
They are the same (290 mOsm/L) because of a freely movable membrane.
What water shift occurs during blood loss?
Shift of water from ISF to the vascular compartments
What water shift occurs during ISF loss?
Shrinkage
AND
shift of ICF to ISF
What water shift occurs during excessive hydration of ECF?
From ECF to ICF
What is electroneutrality?
Equal number of cations and anions in fluid compartments
Sodium Potassium Pump
3 Na ions move from ICF to ECF
2 K ions move from ECF to ICF
“Down an electrochemical gradient”
Passive/Downhill
“Up an electrochemical gradient”
Active/Uphill
