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MD2 Foundation > Skin Infections > Flashcards

Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is ringworm?

A

Tinea corporis

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2
Q

What are the features of tinea corporis?

A

Scaly, annular lesions on body
Itchy
Spreading
Central clearing

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3
Q

What are the common pathogens causing tinea corporis?

A

Tricophyton rubrum
Microsporum canis
Epidermophyton floccosum

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4
Q

Where does tinea pedis occur?

A

On feet

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5
Q

What are two subtypes of tinea pedis?

A

Interdigital tinea pedis

Moccasin tinea pedis

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6
Q

Where does tinea unguium occur?

A

Nails

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7
Q

What region of the body is a reservoir for tinea pedis?

A

Toenails

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8
Q

How is tinea unguium treated?

A

Too deep to be treated topically

Have to use oral antifungals; eg: terbinafine for 3-6 months

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9
Q

What is jock itch?

A

Tinea cruris

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10
Q

Where does tinea capitis occur?

A

On scalp

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11
Q

In whom does tinea capitis occur?

A

Rare in adults

Can occur in children

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12
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis and why?

A

Potentially scarring > needs aggressive treatment with

  • Systemic antifungals for 2 months
    • Griseofulvin
    • Terbinafine
  • Oral steroids
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13
Q

How is a diagnosis of tinea confirmed?

A

Scraping for fungal microscopy and culture

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14
Q

What is the management of tinea?

A 
Confirm diagnosis with scrapings and cuture
Topical agents for 3-4 weeks
- Imidazole
- Terbinafine
Extensive skin infections respond to
- Oral griseofulvin for 4 weeks
- Terbinafine
- Itraconazole
- Fluconazole
Look for reservoir
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15
Q

Why is the use of cortisone cream contraindicated in the treatment of tinea?

A

Fungus causing tinea loves it

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16
Q

How long is the prodrome for varicella?

A

2 weeks

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17
Q

What are the features of a primary VZV infection?

A 
Fevers
Crops of
- Papules
- Vesicles
- Pustules
- Then crusts
Can be mucosal
Trunk and heads > limbs
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18
Q

What causes shingles?

A

VZV reactivation in dorsal ganglion

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19
Q

What are the features of shingles?

A 
Unilateral dermatomal rash
Prodrome
- Neuralgic pain
- Tingling
Eruption of
- Papules
- Vesicles
- Crusts
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20
Q

How is shingles diagnosed?

A

Zoster PCR

21
Q

What is the treatment for shingles?

A

Systemic antiviral

22
Q

What are the complications of shingles?

A

Post-herpetic neuralgia

Ophthalmic involvement

23
Q

What causes cold sores?

A

HSV 1

24
Q

What are the features of cold sores?

A

Crops of vesicles on lips

25
Q

What is the treatment for cold sores?

A

Topical/systemic acyclovir/other antiviral

26
Q

What causes genital herpes?

A

HSV 2

27
Q

What are the features of genital herpes?

A

Crops of vesicles on genital areas

STI

28
Q

How is herpes diagnosed?

A

HSV PCR

29
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Systemic antivirals

May need prophylaxis

30
Q

What should you consider in herpetic infections?

A

Risk of exposure in pregnancy
Infectious disease > isolation
Immunosuppressed patients
Ophthalmic involvement

31
Q

What is molluscum contagiosum?

A

Skin infectious caused by molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)

32
Q

What are the features of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Common disease of childhood
Outbreaks in family common
Polymorphous umbilicated skin coloured papules

33
Q

How is molluscum contagiosum managed?

A

Showers not baths
Restrict sharing of bath towels
Concurrent eczema treated with topical steroids
Topical irritants; eg: salicylic acid wart paint
Topical immunostimulants; eg: dilute imiquimod cream
Destructive methods; eg: topical cantharidine treatment

34
Q

What causes warts?

A

HPV types

35
Q

What is the commonest type of wart?

A

Verruca vulgaris

36
Q

What are other types of warts?

A 
Plane
Periungual
Filliform
Mosaic
Anogenital > carcinogenic potential in females
37
Q

What is the management of viral warts?

A 
Depends on
- Number
- Site
- Patient factors
Treatments often used in combination
Consider when planning
- Spontaneous remission rates
- Risk of scarring by treatments
- Trauma of treatment
- Cure rate for placebo
38
Q

What is the destructive treatment of viral warts?

A

Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy
Diathermy
Curettage

39
Q

What is the topical treatment of viral warts?

A

Salicylic acid and other keratolytics
DCP immunotherapy
Imiquimod for genital warts
Tape

40
Q

What organisms cause the majority of cutaneous bacterial infections?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Group A Streptococcus

41
Q

What usually causes folliculitis?

A

S aureus

42
Q

How do you investigate folliculitis?

A

Swab for bacterial culture and sensitivity

43
Q

Where do you look for S aureus carriage?

A

Nares
Axillae
Groin

44
Q

How is folliculitis treated?

A

Systemic antibiotics
Eradicate carriage
Antiseptic washes helpful in maintenance

45
Q

What causes impetigo?

A

Exfoliative toxin of S aureus

46
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A

Anti-Staph antibiotics

47
Q

What are the symptoms associated with cellulitis?

A

Febrile

Systemically unwell

48
Q

What usually causes cellulitis?

A

Group A Strep

49
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

IV antibiotics

Severe cases need surgical intervention

MD2 Foundation (42 decks)

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