Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Define metabolic syndrome

Answer 1

Abdominal obesity + 2 or more of

• Elevated triglycerides
• Low HDL
• Hypertension
• Hyperglycaemia/impaired glucose tolerance

Question 2

Define abdominal obesity

Answer 2

Europoids
- M >94 cm
- F >80 cm
South Asia and Chinese
- M >90 cm
- F >80 cm

Question 3

Why is the metabolic syndrome a useful concept?

Answer 3

Useful way of focusing on subjects at high risk of CVD and T2D
Prompts doctors to search for associated abnormalities when 1 risk factor found
May highlight other co-morbidities

Question 4

What is the effect of free fatty acids from adipose tissue?

Answer 4

Produce metabolic and paracrine pro-inflammatory effects

Question 5

In whom is a cardiovascular risk calculator not used?

Answer 5

Existing cardiovascular disease
Strong family history of premature cardiovascular disease
Renal disease
All have high risk and should be treated

Question 6

Does the lack of vascular bruits exclude vascular disease?

Answer 6

No, just that you didn’t find any evidence of it

Question 7

What are the metabolic syndrome treatment strategies?

Answer 7

Address glucose intolerance and prevent diabetes
Reduce cardiovascular risk
- Address dyslipidaemia
- Treat hypertension