Common Dermatological Conditions Flashcards

Question

What is the difference between allergic and irritant contant dermatitis?

Answer 1

``` Allergic = your own immune system reacting to a substance Irritant = affects everyone; eg: dipping your hands in hydrochloric acid ```

Answer 2

Patch testing

Answer 3

Avoid soap Regular emollient Warm, not hot showers

Answer 4

Topical steroid to inflamed areas Mild steroid for face/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams Treat infection with systemic antibiotics

Answer 5

Wet dressings Phototherapy with UVB Systemic immunosuppression

Answer 6

Symmetrical Around joints - Affects joints too

Answer 7

``` Genetic predisposition Age of onset - 20s - 50s Extensor rash Symmetrical Silvery scale Well demarcated Itchy, but not primary complaint, like in eczema Erythematous/salmon pink ```

Answer 8

``` Affects only certain flexural surfaces, like - Under breasts - Around groin - Around gluteal cleft Flatter and less scaly ```

Answer 9

Painful Can develop quite deep fissures Bacterial infections through damaged skin barrier Extreme swelling can lead to infarcts - Grossly swollen hands medical emergencies - Sometimes surgical emergencies

Answer 10

Full of pus, but just part of inflammatory response, not response to infection

Answer 11

1-2 weeks after Streptococcus URTI/tonsillitis Sudden generalised onset of small plaque psoriasis Most will clear with treatment Recurs if Streptococcus infection again

Answer 12

Very responsive to phototherapy

Answer 13

``` Acute pustular flare of psoriasis Often accompanied by systemic symptoms - Fever - Chills Loss of - Barrier function - Thermoregulation - Protein Risk of - Pre-renal impairment - High output cardiac failure - Sepsis Hospital admission to stabilise ```

Answer 14

``` Depends on severity and comorbidities Topical Phototherapy Systemic Often used in combination ```

Answer 15

``` Steroids Tars Calcipotriol Dithranol Keratolytics Emollients ```

Answer 16

Narrowband UVB treatment

Answer 17

Oral acitretitin Methotrexate Cyclosporin A Biological treatments

Answer 18

``` Starts in adolescence - Increasing sebum production Can be flared by - Hormonal factors - Picking - Emotional stress Medications - Lithium - Anabolic steroids - Topical corticosteroids Topical occlusion - Oily makeup - Moisturisers - Headwear - Hairstyling ```

Answer 19

Abnormal keratinisation of sebaceous duct Colonisation with Propionobacterium acnes Increase in androgen levels > increased sebum production Inflammation

Answer 20

Open comedone | - Oxidised sebum

Answer 21

Closed comedone

Answer 22

Premenstrual flare | Mainly on lower face

Answer 23

Anti-adrogenic OCP +/- anti-androgen

Answer 24

2 parts - both can occur at same time/in isolation - Vascular reactivity = redness and flushing - Inflammatory rosacea = papules and pustules

Answer 25

``` Sunlight Alcohol Hot foods and drinks Spicy foods Emotion Heat Topical steroids can worsen ```

Answer 26

``` Vascular dilatation - Redness - Telangiectasia Tissue hypertrophy - Rhinophyma ```

Answer 27

``` Avoid triggers Vascular rosacea - Vascular laser Inflammatory rosacea - Topical metronidazole gel - Topical azaleic acid - Systemic antibiotics - Systemic isotretinoin Rhinophyma - Ablative laser - Surgery ```

Answer 28

``` Intensely itchy rash Starts on - Hands - Interdigital spaces - Feet Itch worse at night Spreads to - Genital areas - Generalised body rash Spares face and head in adults Other close contacts develop itch after few weeks ```

Answer 29

``` Treat all close contacts at same time - Sexual contacts - Household contacts Index case retreated after 1 week Post-scabies itch takes weeks to settle 5% permethrin Apply cream all over from neck down Leave on overnight Wash off in morning Treat clothing - Hot wash - Tumble dry ```