Skin Infections Flashcards
what are five functions of skin
anatomical barrier
heat regulation
sensory input from the body
drug absorption and waste excretion
storage of water and lipids
what is commensal flora
normal colonisation that inhibits pathogens in a healthy host
usually candida and staphylococci
what occurs in oily skin
more secretion from sebaceous glands
more bacterial colonisation
skin becomes heavier and thicker
higher risk of pore blockage
more spots and pinples
what are comedomes
blackheads
what are blackheads
keratin and sebum in pores that have oxidised
what are the four main types of bacterial infection of the skin
furnuncles and carbuncles
acne
erysipelas
impetigo
what are the four main types of viral skin infections
herpes simplex
shingles
molluscum contagiosum
warts
what are the five main types of fungal skin infections
athletes foot
onycholysis
ringworm
intertrigo
pityriasis versicolor
what are the two types of skin infestations
scabies and lice
what are furnuncles and carbuncles
pockets filled with pus caused by staph aureus - carbuncles are groups of furnuncles together
what is acne
lesions arising from comedomes caused by follicular testosterone sensitivity
what can make acne worse
oral contraceptive pill
systemic steroids
anticonvulsant drugs
how is acne managed
cleansers, benzoyl peroxide, retinoids and tetracyclines
what can be some contra-indications of tatra-cyclines
not to be given to those under 12, can cause deposition in growing bones and teeth by binding to calcium and causes staining and sometimes dental hypoplasia
what is erysipelas
caused by strep. pyogenes and is a sharp raised border that may peel
how is erysipelas treated
systemic antibiotics
what can erysipelas progress to
necrotising fasciitis or septic shock
what is impetigo
of staph or strep origin, crusty blister appearance, associated with eczema and treated with topical antibiotics
what is herpes simplex virus
affects a single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes and is activated by trauma (chemical, UV light, malaise or physical)
what is shingles
herpes zoster virus causing neural inflammation of the virus in the nerve is very painful and pain can persist after the rash disappears - post herpetic neuralgia
how is shingles treated
high dose aciclovir
what is molluscum contagiosum
caused by a pox virus and is clusters of small papules in warm moist areas
what are warts
caused by HPV, contact spread
how are warts treated
keratolysis, cryosurgery and excision
what is athletes foot
mixed fungal and bacterial infection, prevented by keeping skin dry and clean
what is used to treat athletes foot
miconazole
what is onycholysis
nail infections where the nails become thick and crumbly
what is ringworm
affects different parts of the body, ring like rash
what is intertrigo
fungal infection due to chafing in moist body areas
how is intertrigo treated
topical antifungal - miconazole
what is pityriasis versicolor
caused by commensal usually harmless but due to excessive growth causes this infection, involved in cradle cap and causes patchy skin pigmentation
how is pityriasis versicolor treated
topical antifungal
what is scabies
infection of scabies mites - burrows appear between fingers, tiny red itchy bumps appear
how is scabies treated
with insecticides - benzyl benzoate
what are the three types of lice
head, body, pubic
how is head lice treated
combing through hair with fine toothed comb
how is body lice treated
personal and clothing hygiene and chemical insecticides - permethrin
