Pregnancy and Perinatal Health Flashcards
what factors affect fertility
age
smoking
BMI
exercise
drugs
folic acid
alcohol
what is early pregnancy timed from
the date of conception
when does the embryo implant into the uterus
day 8 or 9
what is the first trimester
up to 12 weeks
what is the second trimester
12-28 weeks
what is the third trimester
28-40 weeks
what is part of the extra weight gain for a mother during pregnancy
blood and fluid - this is important to prevent too much blood loss during delivery
what does the increased oestrogen and progesterone levels in pregnancy act on
kidney to increase renin secretion
increased salt and water retention
increase plasma volume (dilutes Hb)
what occurs due to increased abdominal pressure in pregnancy
GORD
what are the effects of relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in pregnancy
reduced peripheral resistance
reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure
compensatory increase in heart rate
what vascular structures are compressed by uterus
vena cava and aorta
difficulty with venous return when supine
why is there higher turnover of fibrinolysis and clotting factor production
coagulation system has increased sensitivity so any complications during delivery can be addressed
what should you not eat during pregnancy
raw meat/ fish
raw eggs/ non-pastuerised milk
fish with high mercury content
spicy, grilled and fried food
when does zygote become an embryo
week 4
when does embryonic circulation start to develop
week 6
when is an embryo termed a foetus
week 10
what structures develop in second trimester
hair, nails, tonenails, eyelids
when do specialised senses start to function
week 20
what is the placenta
connects foetus and mother - but foetal and mother circulation do not mix, they are situated in close proximity for nutrients to diffuse through
what are the four stages of labour
induction of labour
first stage
second stage
third stage
what are aids to delivery
forceps
ventoux
caesarean section
what is screened for in the first trimester
establish dates of pregnancy
number of foetuses
diagnose ectopic pregnancy
chronic and infectious diseases
what is the mother screened for
hypertension
diabetes
rubella
syphilis
hep C
HIV
what is screened for in the 2nd trimester
amniocentesis (if wished)
check foetal anatomy for abnormalities
what are the tests done for foetal testing in the first trimester
neuchal translucency
maternal hCG
PAPP-P
what tests are completed in second trimester
AFP
what tests is the baby exposed to after birth
blood spot
phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, CF, sickle cell disease
what is an APGAR score
tested 1 minute and five minutes after birth - should be an increase in score
activity
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration
what are the dental affects of pregnancy
cost
drugs in dentistry will also affect foetus
pregnancy gingivitis
patient lying on chair
