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BDS3 Diseases of Human Systems > Connective Tissue Disease > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two groups of connective tissue diseases

A

autoimmune diseases or vascular diseases

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2
Q

what are diseases included in the autoimmune disease category

A

systemic lupus erythematosis
systemic sclerosis
sjogrens syndrome
undifferentiated connective tissue disease

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3
Q

do the blood antibodies associated with the disease cause the diseases

A

no they are found in healthy people - the diseases will occur in people who have specific auto-antibodies

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4
Q

what are vasculitic diseases

A

where the problems are in the blood vessel walls

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5
Q

what is the large vessel vasculitic disease

A

giant cell (temporal) arteritis - affects large arteries
polymyalgia rheumatica

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6
Q

what are the medium vessel vasculitic diseases

A

polyarteritis nodosa
kawasaki disease

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7
Q

what is the small vessel vasculitic disease

A

wegener’s granulomatosis

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8
Q

what is the general management of vasculitic connective tissue disease

A

analgesia for pain
immune modulating treatment
systemic steroids

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9
Q

what are examples of immune modulating treatment

A

hydroxychloroquine
methotrexate
azathiopine
mycophenolate

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10
Q

what are the four antibodies commonly found in the connective tissue diseases

A

anti-nuclear antibody
anti-double strand DNA
anti-Ro antibody
anti-La antibody

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11
Q

what are the two antibodies commonly found in scleroderma

A

anti-centromere and anti scl-70

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12
Q

what are the two forms of systemic lupus erythematosis

A

discoid lupus and systemic

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13
Q

what is discoid lupus

A

tissue changes without blood autoantibodies - seen in skin and mouth and looks like lichen planus

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14
Q

what is systemic lupus

A

where multi-systems are involved (joints/ CVS/ CNS? renal/ muscles)

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15
Q

what is the major sign of systemic lupus

A

a butterfly rash across the face due to photosensitivity

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16
Q

systemic lupus can cause chronic anaemia, what are the dental implications of this

A

oral ulceration and GA risk

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17
Q

why might a dentist want to check the platelet count of a patient with lupus

A

could result in thrombocytopenia and have a bleeding tendency

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18
Q

what two aspects of prescribing drugs do dentists need to take care with a patient with lupus

A

drug metabolism due to renal disease
drug reactions producing photosensitivity rash

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19
Q

what should you not confuse with lupus reactions in the mucosa

A

lichen planus

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20
Q

what is antiphospholipid anticoagulant lupus

A

type of lupus that have an antibody called anticoagulant - but only when in a test tube - not when in patients body

21
Q

what might antiphsopholipid antibody syndrome be associated with

A

lupus
sjogrens syndrome

22
Q

how would you describe the clotting capabilities of a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

hyper coagulable - thrombophillic

23
Q

due to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome patients being thrombophilic, what might they be at higher risk of developing

A

DVT or pulmonary embolism

24
Q

what is the treatment for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

A

warfarin

25
Q

what is sjogrens syndrome

A

inflammatory disease associated with circulating autoantibodies ANA, Ro and La

26
Q

symptoms of sjogrens syndromes

A

dry eyes and dry mouth

27
Q

what are the three aspects of sjogrens syndrome

A

sicca syndrome
primary sjogrens
secondary sjogrens

28
Q

what is sicca sjoagrens

A

dry eyes or dry mouth only

29
Q

what is primary sjogrens

A

not associated with any other connective tissue disease

30
Q

what is secondary sjogrens

A

associated with one of the other connective tissue disease (RA or lupus)

31
Q

how is sjogrens diagnosed

A

antibody findings
imaging findings
histopathology findings

32
Q

name some dental implications of sjogrens syndrome

A

oral infection
caries risk
function loss
denture retention
sialosis
salivary lymphoma

33
Q

what is systemic sclerosis

A

elastic tissue replaced with connective fibrous tissue - patient loses ability to stretch (skin affected)

34
Q

what are the two types of systemic sclerosis

A

local or generalised

35
Q

what antibodies are associated with local systemic sclerosis

A

anticentromere

36
Q

what antibodies are associated with generalised systemic sclerosis

A

anti scl-70 antibodies

37
Q

what are systemic sclerosis fingers

A

there is no elasticity in the skin to allow the fingers to stretch at the joints

38
Q

what other medical problems can systemic sclerosis be associated with

A

raynoud’s
renal failure
malabsorption

39
Q

what are some dental aspects of systemic sclerosis

A

no elasticity in the cheeks - patient cannot open up wide
dysphagia and reflux oesophagitis

40
Q

what occurs in vasculitic diseases

A

inflammation in the blood vessel that can lead to ischaemia

41
Q

what is giant cell arteritis

A

affects external carotid artery (near the face) can lead to occlusion of central retinal artery and cause blindness

42
Q

when can giant cell arteritis be recognised

A

when the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is raised

43
Q

what is polymyalgia rheumatic

A

pain and morning stiffness of muscles - particularly shoulders

44
Q

what disease responds well to steroids and will settle quickly

A

polymyalgia rheumatic

45
Q

what is kawasaki disease

A

affects medium blood vessels

46
Q

what are the three common presentations of kawasaki disease

A

strawberry tongue and erythema of the hands and feet

47
Q

what is wegener’s granulomatosis

A

inflammatory condition affects small blood vessels can lead to destruction of hard and soft tissues

48
Q

what is fibromyalgia

A

symptoms without evidence of active disease
joint and muscle pain
functional disorders where it may be the pain transmitters that aren’t working

BDS3 Diseases of Human Systems (13 decks)

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