Skin, Hair, Nails Assessment

Question 1

What parts of examination are necessary?

Answer 1

Inspection and Palpation

Question 2

Inspecting and Palpating Skin

Answer 2

Color
Pigmentation
Temperature
Moisture - Texture?
Thickness - Edema? 
Mobility and turgor
Vascularity and Bruising 
Any lesions?

Question 3

Key terms for skin color

Answer 3

even
consistent with genetic background
color

Question 4

Key terms for pigmentation

Answer 4

Ephelides (freckles) 
Nevus (mole)
Birthmarks
Pallor
document tattoos

Question 5

Pallor

Answer 5

White color of skin. Lost of oxygenated hemoglobin. Common in high stress or fear. Check under tongue, palpebral conjunctive and sclera.

Question 6

Erythema

Answer 6

Red color of skin. Caused by excess blood in superficial capillaries. Shows with fever, local inflammation, and emotional reactions.

Question 7

Cyanosis

Answer 7

Blue color of skin. caused by decreased perfusion. Check lips, nose, ears.

Question 8

Jaundice

Answer 8

Yellow color of skin. Indicates high levels of bilirubin in blood. Look at junction of hard and soft palate in mouth.

Question 9

Key terms for temperature (skin)

Answer 9

warm

equal bilaterally

Question 10

Key terms for moisture (skin)

Answer 10

Diaphoresis - increased perspiration

Dehydration - decreased perspiration

Question 11

Key terms for texture (skin)

Answer 11

Smooth
Firm
even surface

Question 12

Key terms for thickness (skin)

Answer 12

Uniform
Thin
Callus

Question 13

Key terms for edema (skin)

Answer 13

1+ Mild Pitting
2+ Moderate pitting
3+ Deep pitting
4+ Very deep pitting

Question 14

Mobility and Turgor

Answer 14

No signs of edema

no signs of dehydration

Question 15

Key terms for vascularity and bruising

Answer 15

Cherry angiomas - small, raised bright red dots

Question 16

Key terms for lesions (skin)

Answer 16

Color
Elevation
Pattern
Size
Location
Any exudate?

Question 17

Lentigines

Answer 17

Aging Adult

Hyperpigmentation - small, flat, brown. Found on forearms and dorsa of hands.

Question 18

Seborrheic Keratosis

Answer 18

Aging Adult
Raised thickened areas of pigmentation, greasy.
Found on truck, face and hands

Question 19

Actinic keratosis

Answer 19

Aging Adult
red-tan scaly plaques.
Found on sun exposed surfaces.

Question 20

Acrochordons (skin tags)

Answer 20

Aging Adult
overgrowths of normal skin.
Found on eyelids, neck, cheek, trunk and axillae

Question 21

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Answer 21

Aging Adult
raised yellow papules with central depression.
Found on men’s foreheads, nose and cheeks

Question 22

Alopecia

Answer 22

baldness, hair loss

Question 23

Annular

Answer 23

circular shape to skin lesion

Question 24

Bulla

Answer 24

elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1cm in diameter

Question 25

confluent

Answer 25

skin lesions that run together