Skin, Hair, Nails Assessment Flashcards
What parts of examination are necessary?
Inspection and Palpation
Inspecting and Palpating Skin
Color Pigmentation Temperature Moisture - Texture? Thickness - Edema? Mobility and turgor Vascularity and Bruising Any lesions?
Key terms for skin color
even
consistent with genetic background
color
Key terms for pigmentation
Ephelides (freckles) Nevus (mole) Birthmarks Pallor document tattoos
Pallor
White color of skin. Lost of oxygenated hemoglobin. Common in high stress or fear. Check under tongue, palpebral conjunctive and sclera.
Erythema
Red color of skin. Caused by excess blood in superficial capillaries. Shows with fever, local inflammation, and emotional reactions.
Cyanosis
Blue color of skin. caused by decreased perfusion. Check lips, nose, ears.
Jaundice
Yellow color of skin. Indicates high levels of bilirubin in blood. Look at junction of hard and soft palate in mouth.
Key terms for temperature (skin)
warm
equal bilaterally
Key terms for moisture (skin)
Diaphoresis - increased perspiration
Dehydration - decreased perspiration
Key terms for texture (skin)
Smooth
Firm
even surface
Key terms for thickness (skin)
Uniform
Thin
Callus
Key terms for edema (skin)
1+ Mild Pitting
2+ Moderate pitting
3+ Deep pitting
4+ Very deep pitting
Mobility and Turgor
No signs of edema
no signs of dehydration
Key terms for vascularity and bruising
Cherry angiomas - small, raised bright red dots
Key terms for lesions (skin)
Color Elevation Pattern Size Location Any exudate?
Lentigines
Aging Adult
Hyperpigmentation - small, flat, brown. Found on forearms and dorsa of hands.
Seborrheic Keratosis
Aging Adult
Raised thickened areas of pigmentation, greasy.
Found on truck, face and hands
Actinic keratosis
Aging Adult
red-tan scaly plaques.
Found on sun exposed surfaces.
Acrochordons (skin tags)
Aging Adult
overgrowths of normal skin.
Found on eyelids, neck, cheek, trunk and axillae
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Aging Adult
raised yellow papules with central depression.
Found on men’s foreheads, nose and cheeks
Alopecia
baldness, hair loss
Annular
circular shape to skin lesion
Bulla
elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1cm in diameter
confluent
skin lesions that run together
