Skin, Hair & Nails Flashcards
Type of lesion categories
Primary and secondary
Primary skin lesion
Arise primarily in the skin
Secondary lesion
due to other causes which may be systemic in origin
ABCDEs mole exam
Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Evolution
What are you looking at when doing a Lesion exam? (5)
Location Distribution Pattern Shape Type
Secondary lesion examples
crust, scale, excoriation, Lichenification, Erosion, fissure
What type of lesion is a macule and describe it
primary; flat, non-palpable <1cm
example of a macule
freckle, lentigo, purpura
what type of lesion is a patch and describe it
primary; flat, >1cm
example of a patch
pityriasis rosea, melasma, lentigo
what type of lesion is a papule and describe it
primary; raised palpable, non fluid <1cm
example of a papule
Nevi, seborrheic keratosis, dermatofibroma
what type of lesion is a plaque and describe it
primary; raised, palpable, nonfluid >1cm
example of a plaque
psoriasis, mycosis fungoides
what type of lesion is a vesicle and describe it
primary; raised, fluid filled, <1cm
example of vesicle
herpes simplex, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis
what type of lesion is a bulla and describe it
primary; raised, fluid filled, >1cm
example of bulla
bullous pemphigoid, contact dermatitis, blisters of second-degree sunburn
what type of lesion is a nodule and describe it
primary; raised, papule, 1-2cm
example of nodule
Nevi, basal cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma
what type of lesion is a tumor and describe it
primary; nodule, >2cm
example of tumor
basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma
what type of lesion is a cyst and describe it
primary; varies in size, fluid filled but can be hard
example of cyst
sebaceous cyst
what type of lesion is a pustule and describe it
primary; raised, clear fluid filled, <0.5cm
example of pustule
folliculitis, acne
what type of lesion is a wheal (“Hive”)and describe it
primary; smooth & elevated area of localized edema that comes & goes
example of wheal
urticaria
urticaria
allergic reaction marked by multiple discrete swelling on the skin (wheals)
what type of lesion is a crust and describe it
secondary; dried exudate that may have been seous, purulent or hemorrhagic
example of crust
impetigo herpes zoster (late phase)
what type of lesion is a scale and describe it
thin plates of desquamated (skin pealing) stratum corneum (outer most layer of epidermis)that flake off easily
example of scale
xerosis (dry skin), ichthyosis
what type of lesion is a excoriation and describe it
secondary; shallow hemorrhagic excavation, linear or punctate, results from scratching
examples of excoriation
contact dematitis
what type of lesion is Lichenification and describe it
secondary; thickening of skin wall exaggeration of skin creases
example of Lichenification and hallmark of what illness?
chronic eczema, hallmark of eczematous dermatitis
What type of lesion is Erosion and describe it
secondary; partial break in epidermis
example of erosion
herpes simplex or zoster, pemphigus vulgaris (autoimmune disease that can cause erosions of skin)
pemphigus vulgaris
autoimmune disease that can cause erosions of skin, its an example of a secondary lesion
what type of lesion is fissure and describe it
secondary; linear (straight line) crack in epidermis
examples of fissure
xerosis (abnormal dryness of skin), angular cheilitis (chapping of lips), severe eczema
Xerosis
abnormal dryness of skin
angular cheilitis
chapping of lips
3 Distribution of lesions
Localized, Regional, Generalized
category of localized lesions and definition
a distribution; lesion appears in one small area
category of regional lesions and definition
a distribution; lesion involve specific region of body
category of generalized lesions and definition
a distribution; lesions appears widely distributed
examples of localized lesions
impetigo, tinea corporis
examples of regional lesions
psoriasis (extensor surfaces and skini folds), acne vulgaris
examples of generalize lesions
urticaria, disseminated (scattered) drug eruptions
round shape definition
coin
annular shape definition
round, active margins
zosteriform shape definition
following nerve or segment of body
polycyclic shape definition
interlocking or coalesced circles
linear shape definition
in a line
iris target shape definition
pink macules with purple central papules
stellate shape definition
star shaped
serpiginous shape definition
snakelike or wavy line track
reticulate shape definition
netlike or lacy
morbilliform shape definition
confluent (flowing together) & salmon colored
Discrete border definition
well defined
indistinct border definition
poorly defined
active border definition & example
margin of lesion shows greater activity than center; example ring worm
irregular border definition & example
nonsmooth or notched; malignant melanoma
border raised above center definition and example
center of lesion depressed compared to edge; basal cell carcinoma
advancing border definition and example
expanding at margins; cellulitis
what is central clearing of a lesion
an associated change; erythematous border surrounds lighter skin
what is desquamation of a lesion
an associated change; peeling or sloughing
what is keratotic of a lesion
an associated change; hypertrophic (increase in size) stratum corneum (outermost layer of skin)
stratum corneum
outtermost layer of skin
what is punctate of lesion
central umbilication or dimpling
what is telangiectasias of a lesion
dilated blood vessels within lesion blanch completely
Alopecia Areata (adrogenic areata)
sudden onset of hair loss, can occur in anyone, localized, no scaling or erythemia
- ) Telogen Effluvium
2. ) Anagen Effluvium
- ) hair distribution normal but hair pull test positive
2. ) diffuse hair loss from roots, hair pull test negative
scarring alopecia
scarring on the scalp, skiny skin, complete loss of hair, any scarring refer to dermatologist
Paronychia
infection of nail folds. Red swollen, tender
Habit tic deformity
depression of central nail that gives a “Christmas tree” appearance
Melanonychia
increased pigmentation in nail matrix
Onycholysis
traumatic shearing of nails
Onychomycosis
nail thickening
