Cardiovascular Flashcards
S1
closure of the mitral valve
S2
closure of the aortic valve
ventricular diastole occurs between what (S1/S2)
between S2 and the next S1
Ventricular systole occurs between what (S1/S2)
between S1 and S2
which lasts longer, S1 or S2?
S2
aortic area location
right 2nd interspace, near sternal border
pulmonic area location
left 2nd interspace, near sternal border
epigastric area location
subxiphoid area
tricuspid area location
left 4th and 5th interspace near to sternal border
mitral area location
apex, 5th interspace at midclavicular line
S2A and S2P occur when?
during inspiration
S1 is heard loudest in which area?
through 3rd space, tricuspid and mitral area
S2 is heard loudest in which area?
aortic and pulmonic areas
which position does the patient need to be in to listen to S3, S4, and the murmur of mitral stenosis?
left lateral decubitus position
The diaphragm of a stethoscope is best for detecting which sounds?
high-pitched sounds, S1, S2, S4 and most murmurs
The bell of a stethoscope is best for detecting which sounds?
low pitched sounds, S3 and murmur of mitral stenosis
what does a bounding carotid artery suggest?
aortic insufficiency
what does a delayed carotid artery suggest?
aortic stenosis
what does a brisk carotid artery suggest?
normal
when assessing PMI (apex), “tapping” may indicate what?
normal
when assessing PMI (apex), “sustained” may indicate what?
LV hypertrophy from HTN or aortic stenosis
when assessing PMI (apex), “ diffuse” may indicate what?
dilated ventricle from CHF or cardiomyopathy
what are you feeling for when palpating the chest?
thrills, heaves, lifts
what is a normal JVP?
3-4cm
where do you put the ruler when measuring JVP?
on the sternal angle
what happens to ventricles during systole
ventricles contract
between S1 and S2
what happens to ventricles during diastole
ventricles relax
between S2 and the next S1
when describing murmurs
- ) Timing: are they systolic or diastolic?
- ) Duration sound: early/mid/late?
- ) Quality: harsh, soft
- ) Pitch: high, med, low
p wave
depolarization of atria
PR interval
from beginning of p wave to the beginning of QRS complex
QRS complex
depolarization of the ventricles
T wave
repolarization of the ventricles
do veins have thick or thin walls?
thin, distensible
superficial veins
saphenous and small saphenous veins
anastomotic veins which connect two saphenous veins
perforating veins
what kind of valves do deep, superficial and perforating veins
one-way valves
what are one-way valves in veins good for?
propel blood toward heat, preventing pooling, venous stasis and backward flow
Intermittent claudication
more pain at rest
epitrochlear node is located where?
3cm above medial epicondyle (above elbow)
Grading of Arterial pulses 3+
bounding
Grading of Arterial pulses 2+
Brisk, expected (normal)
Grading of Arterial pulses 1+
Diminished, weaker than expected
Grading of Arterial pulses 0
Absent
Allen test
test for arterial insufficienct
Trendelenburg
test for retrograde filling
Buergertest
test for arterial insufficiency
Erbs point
3rd ICS near the sternal border
What do the jugular veins reflect when measuring JVP?
right atrial pressure
Angle of Louis is also called?
sternal angle
xiphoid process location
bottom of sternum
How many ribs are there?
12
How many ICS are there?
9
