Nervous system Flashcards
coronal or frontal view
body is split from front to back
median or saggital view
body is split in half down the middle
axial or transverse
body is split in half from top and bottom
cerebellum controls?
motor control, fine movement
Parasympathetic nervous system function
homeostasis of bodily functions, respiration, cardiac function, digestion, metabolism
neuro symptoms that are emergent
LOC, new onset seizures, head trauma, stroke s/s
what’s the first thing that goes in the elderly?
smell
what happens to reflexes, hearing and vision as we age?
they decrease
when doing a neuro exam, how do you assess?
in order of highest to lowest level of function
cognitive function examples
memory, orientation, attention span, calculation ability, thought content
lethargic
droozy
obtunded
difficult to arouse
stuporous
arousable only with vigorous stimulation
cranial nerve 1 and how to test
olfactory; smell
cranial nerve 2
optic nerve
how to test cranial nerve 2
confrontation, fundoscopic exam, snellen chart
cranial nerve 3
oculomotor
how to test cranial nerve 3
elevation of eyelid and pupillary constriction, extraocular movement
which cranial nerves are sensory?
1,2,5,7,8,9,10
which cranial nerves are motor?
3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12
which cranial nerves are both sensory and motor?
5,7,9,10
how to test cranial nerve 4
down and in eye movements (EOMs)
cranial nerve 4
trochlear
cranial nerve 5
trigeminal
how to test cranial nerve 5
sensation to corneas, nasal and oral mucosa, facial skin, motor function of jaw
cranial nerve 6
abducens
how to test cranial nerve 6
lateral eye movement
cranial nerve 7
facial nerve
how to test cranial nerve 7
taste, have patient smile, show teeth
which cranial nerve effects bells palsy
cranial nerve 7
cranial nerve 8
acoustic
how to test cranial nerve 8
whisper test, rinne, weber
a positive Romberg (meaning the patient is swaying) effects which cranial nerve?
8
cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve 10
vagus
how to test cranial nerve 9
swallowing, TASTE
how to test cranial nerve 10
swallowing, GAG
cranial nerve 12
hypoglossal
how to test cranial nerve 12
tongue movement in swallowing and speech, stick out tongue
cranial nerve 11
spinal accessory
how to test cranial nerve 11
place palm against cheek and ask them to turn head against resistance, place patients shoulders and ask them to shrug against your resistance
kinesthesia
ability to perceive extent, direction, or weight of movement; you move body part and patient tells you where it is..”up or down”
stereognosis
ability to recognize the form of solid objects by touch; you give patient a familiar object and they tell you what it is with their eyes closed
extinction phenomenon
disorder that impairs the ability to perceive multiple stimuli of the same type simultaneously
graphesthesia
ability to recognize outlines, numbers, words, or symbols traced or written on the skin
point location
patient closes eye, you point to body part and patient point to where you pointed
Barre test and what is it also called?
pronator drift, hold hands up straight and see if there is a drift
how to test for coordination and fine motor skills (cerebellum)?
Barre test, heel to shin test, rapid hand movement, touch thumb to fingers one at a time
proprioception
the awareness of posture, movement, and changes in equilibrium and the knowledge of it (Romberg test, hop in place, shallow knee bend, gait)
Agraphesthesia
inability to recognize what you are writing on their hands when their eyes are closed
how are reflexes graded?
0 absent 1 diminished 2 normal 3 increased but normal 4 hyperactive
cremasteric reflex
rub inner thigh and scrotum will rise
grasp, snout, sucking motion and glabella are reflexes that are normal in infant but abnormal in?
adults
glabella reflex
repeated blinking when nose touched
snout reflex
tap above mouth
where are the spinal roots for Biceps?
C5, C6
where are the peripheral nerves located for biceps?
musculo-cutaneous
where are the spinal roots for brachioradialis?
C6
where are the peripheral nerves located for brachioradialis?
radial
where are the spinal roots for triceps?
C7
where are the peripheral nerves located for triceps?
radial
where are the spinal roots for patellar quadriceps femoris?
L2-L4
where are the peripheral nerves located for patellar quadriceps femoris?
femoral
where are the spinal roots for Achilles gastrocnemius soleus?
S1
where are the peripheral nerves located for Achilles gastrocnemius soleus?
Tibial nerve
How is muscle resistance graded?
5=they can push against hand/against gravity 4= can move with some resistance 3= can move against gravity 2= can move it with support 1=barely detectable 0=no muscular contraction
aphasia
absent or impaired ability to communicate by speech, writing or sign
dysphagia
inability to swallow
dysarthria
speech is difficult to understand
apraxia
inability to perform purposive movements
agnosia
inability to recognize or comprehend sights, sounds, words
dysarthria, aphasia and dysphagia are usually seen with damage to what?
cerebral cortex
normal pressure hydrocephalus (3 Ws)
wacky-dementia
wet- loose bladder
wild- gait is all over
