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Newborn Assessment > Skin Assessment > Flashcards

Skin Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What is Omphalitis?

A

An infection of the umbilical cord area in newborns

Can progress rapidly to cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and death.

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2
Q

What are the common causes of Omphalitis?

A

Group A or B streptococcus, staph aureus, or gram negative and anaerobic bacteria

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3
Q

What is Periumbilical erythema?

A

Redness around the umbilical area, can indicate infection or irritation

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4
Q

What are Milia?

A

Multiple yellow or pearly white papules, 1-2 mm in size, found on brow, cheeks, and nose

Up to 40% of newborns experience this condition.

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5
Q

What are Epstein pearls?

A

Epidermal cysts in the mouth that resemble milia

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6
Q

What is Sebaceous gland hyperplasia?

A

Numerous tiny white or yellow papules caused by enlarged sebaceous glands

Can be caused by maternal androgenic stimulation

Maternal androgenic stimulation is a contributing factor.

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7
Q

What causes Miliaria?

A

Obstruction of sweat glands due to warm humid environment

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8
Q

What are the types of Miliaria?

A
  • Miliaria crystallina: clear, thin vesicles
  • Miliaria rubra: prickly heat
  • Miliaria pustulosa: leukocyte infiltration of the papule
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9
Q

What characterizes Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?

A

Superficial, vesiculopustular lesions that may be present at birth, with numerous neutrophils in vesicles

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10
Q

What is a Mongolian spot?

A

A hyperpigmented macule, most common pigmented lesion in newborns, often seen over buttocks and flanks

Up to 90% of African American, Asian, and Hispanic infants may present with this.

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11
Q

What is Erythema Toxicum?

A

Benign rash with white or yellow pustules on an erythematous base, seen in up to 70% of term infants

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12
Q

What is the primary cause of Candida Diaper Dermatitis?

A

Infection by Candida albicans, presenting as a moist, erythematous eruption with satellite pustules

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13
Q

What is Lanugo?

A

Fine, soft, downy type of hair covering the body in utero, appearing at about 20 weeks gestation

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14
Q

What is Acrocyanosis?

A

Bluish discoloration of the palms and soles, may persist for up to 48 hours after birth

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15
Q

True or False: Harlequin Color Change is a pathological condition.

A

False

It is a temporary imbalance of the autonomic regulatory mechanism of cutaneous vessels.

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16
Q

What is Cutis Marmorata?

A

Bluish mottling or marbling of the skin, often in response to chilling or overstimulation

17
Q

What are Forceps marks?

A

Red or bruised areas on the cheeks, scalp, or face as a result of birth trauma

18
Q

What is Diaper Dermatitis?

A

Inflammation of the skin in the diaper area, prevention is the first goal of intervention

19
Q

What are Café au lait patches?

A

Tan or light brown macules with well-defined borders, can be benign or indicate Neurofibromatosis

20
Q

What is a Sebaceous Nevus?

A

Pink, yellow, or orange plaque with a pebbly surface, often located on the scalp or face

21
Q

What is the primary goal of umbilical cord care?

A

Preventing umbilical infections through sterile cutting and rapid drying of the umbilical cord

22
Q

What is Ichthyosis Vulgaris?

A

An autosomal dominant condition characterized by fine, light colored scales

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Strawberry Hemangioma?

A

Bright red, raised, lobulated tumor that is soft and compressible, seen in 10% of newborns

24
Q

What is the significance of Vernix caseosa?

A

A cheese-like substance that protects fetal skin from amniotic fluid and bacteria

25
Q

What is the skin pH at birth?

A

6.34

26
Q

What does a Macule refer to?

A

A discolored, flat spot < 1cm in diameter

27
Q

What is a Wheal?

A

A collection of fluid in the dermis that is reddened and solid, elevated above the skin

28
Q

What is the typical bathing recommendation for preterm infants?

A

Should be bathed no more than once or twice a week to avoid excessive drying

29
Q

What is the structure of the skin comprised of?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous Tissue
30
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A
  • Physical protection
  • Heat regulation
  • Sense perception
31
Q

What is the most common vascular birthmark?

A

Nevus simplex, also known as ‘Stork Bite’ or ‘Salmon Patch’

32
Q

What is the main characteristic of Port Wine Nevus?

A

Flat pink or reddish purple lesion that does not blanch with pressure

33
Q

What is Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome?

A

A condition characterized by capillary malformation, varicose veins, and overgrowth of soft tissue and bone

34
Q

What is the typical treatment for Cavernous Hemangioma if it interferes with vital organs?

A

Systemic corticosteroids may help

Newborn Assessment (7 decks)

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