Skin Assessment Flashcards
What is Omphalitis?
An infection of the umbilical cord area in newborns
Can progress rapidly to cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and death.
What are the common causes of Omphalitis?
Group A or B streptococcus, staph aureus, or gram negative and anaerobic bacteria
What is Periumbilical erythema?
Redness around the umbilical area, can indicate infection or irritation
What are Milia?
Multiple yellow or pearly white papules, 1-2 mm in size, found on brow, cheeks, and nose
Up to 40% of newborns experience this condition.
What are Epstein pearls?
Epidermal cysts in the mouth that resemble milia
What is Sebaceous gland hyperplasia?
Numerous tiny white or yellow papules caused by enlarged sebaceous glands
Can be caused by maternal androgenic stimulation
Maternal androgenic stimulation is a contributing factor.
What causes Miliaria?
Obstruction of sweat glands due to warm humid environment
What are the types of Miliaria?
- Miliaria crystallina: clear, thin vesicles
- Miliaria rubra: prickly heat
- Miliaria pustulosa: leukocyte infiltration of the papule
What characterizes Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?
Superficial, vesiculopustular lesions that may be present at birth, with numerous neutrophils in vesicles
What is a Mongolian spot?
A hyperpigmented macule, most common pigmented lesion in newborns, often seen over buttocks and flanks
Up to 90% of African American, Asian, and Hispanic infants may present with this.
What is Erythema Toxicum?
Benign rash with white or yellow pustules on an erythematous base, seen in up to 70% of term infants
What is the primary cause of Candida Diaper Dermatitis?
Infection by Candida albicans, presenting as a moist, erythematous eruption with satellite pustules
What is Lanugo?
Fine, soft, downy type of hair covering the body in utero, appearing at about 20 weeks gestation
What is Acrocyanosis?
Bluish discoloration of the palms and soles, may persist for up to 48 hours after birth
True or False: Harlequin Color Change is a pathological condition.
False
It is a temporary imbalance of the autonomic regulatory mechanism of cutaneous vessels.
What is Cutis Marmorata?
Bluish mottling or marbling of the skin, often in response to chilling or overstimulation
What are Forceps marks?
Red or bruised areas on the cheeks, scalp, or face as a result of birth trauma
What is Diaper Dermatitis?
Inflammation of the skin in the diaper area, prevention is the first goal of intervention
What are Café au lait patches?
Tan or light brown macules with well-defined borders, can be benign or indicate Neurofibromatosis
What is a Sebaceous Nevus?
Pink, yellow, or orange plaque with a pebbly surface, often located on the scalp or face
What is the primary goal of umbilical cord care?
Preventing umbilical infections through sterile cutting and rapid drying of the umbilical cord
What is Ichthyosis Vulgaris?
An autosomal dominant condition characterized by fine, light colored scales
What are the characteristics of Strawberry Hemangioma?
Bright red, raised, lobulated tumor that is soft and compressible, seen in 10% of newborns
What is the significance of Vernix caseosa?
A cheese-like substance that protects fetal skin from amniotic fluid and bacteria
What is the skin pH at birth?
6.34
What does a Macule refer to?
A discolored, flat spot < 1cm in diameter
What is a Wheal?
A collection of fluid in the dermis that is reddened and solid, elevated above the skin
What is the typical bathing recommendation for preterm infants?
Should be bathed no more than once or twice a week to avoid excessive drying
What is the structure of the skin comprised of?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous Tissue
What are the functions of the skin?
- Physical protection
- Heat regulation
- Sense perception
What is the most common vascular birthmark?
Nevus simplex, also known as ‘Stork Bite’ or ‘Salmon Patch’
What is the main characteristic of Port Wine Nevus?
Flat pink or reddish purple lesion that does not blanch with pressure
What is Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome?
A condition characterized by capillary malformation, varicose veins, and overgrowth of soft tissue and bone
What is the typical treatment for Cavernous Hemangioma if it interferes with vital organs?
Systemic corticosteroids may help
Define lesion
an area of altered tissue
Define Vesicle
An elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid < 1 cm in diameter
Define Bulla
A vesicle greater than 1 cm
Define Cyst
a raised, palpable lesion with fluid or semisolid filled sac
Define Pustule
An elevation of skin filled with cloudy or purulent fluid
Define Crust
A lesion consisting of dried, serous exudate, blood or pus
Define Macule
A discolored, flat spot < 1cm in diameter
Define Patch
A macule greater than 1 cm in diameter
Define Nodule
an elevated, palpable lesion with indistinct borders, some of the lesion is palpable below the skin outside the elevated area
Define Papule
an elevated, palpable lesion, solid and circumscribed, less than 1 cm in diameter
Define Plaque
An elevated palpable lesion with circumscribed borders, greater than 1 cm in diameter
Define Pustule
An elevation of the skin filled with cloudy or purulent fluid
