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Newborn Assessment > Breastfeeding and Lactation > Flashcards

Breastfeeding and Lactation Flashcards

1
Q

What impact does early nutrition have on an infant?

A

Significant impact on present and future health and well-being of the infant

Early nutrition is crucial for cognitive and emotional development.

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2
Q

What are the essential nutrients needed in a newborn’s diet?

A
  • Hydration
  • Calories
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals

These nutrients support rapid physical and neurologic growth and development.

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3
Q

What is the best estimate of adequate fluid and caloric intake for infants?

A

Weight

Infants typically lose weight in the first few days after birth.

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4
Q

What is the typical weight loss for formula-fed and breast-fed infants in the first few days after birth?

A
  • Formula fed: 3-5% of birth weight
  • Breast fed: up to 7% of birth weight

Weight loss is due to loss of extracellular fluids and low fluid intake.

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5
Q

By what day should a newborn start regaining their birth weight?

A

By around 10 days

Preterm infants may differ based on medical conditions.

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6
Q

How is growth tracked in infants?

A

Through growth charts

WHO growth charts are based on expected weight gain for breastfeeding infants.

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7
Q

What does ‘small for gestational age’ mean?

A

Weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age

This reflects inadequate growth in utero.

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8
Q

Define ‘macrosomia’.

A

Weight greater than 4000 grams

Macrosomia can indicate potential complications during delivery.

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9
Q

What is Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)?

A

Restricted fetal growth below expected in utero rate

IUGR may or may not be classified as SGA.

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10
Q

What is the expected weight gain for a term infant?

A

Approximately 1 ounce per day or 15 grams/kg/day

Infants double their birth weight by 5 months and triple it by 1 year.

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11
Q

What is the typical gastric volume of a term infant?

A

Approximately 30 mls

This indicates the capacity of the infant’s stomach at birth.

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12
Q

What is the primary carbohydrate in an infant’s diet?

A

Lactose

Lactose enhances absorption of calcium, magnesium, and zinc.

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13
Q

What are essential fatty acids important for in infants?

A

Visual acuity and cognitive ability

Key fatty acids include Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Arachidonic acid (ARA).

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14
Q

What is the recommended protein intake for infants?

A

3-4 grams/kg/day

Protein is crucial for muscle and organ structure.

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15
Q

What is the significance of iron in infant nutrition?

A

Iron in human milk is more easily absorbed than in iron supplemented formulas

Infants should avoid low iron formulas.

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16
Q

What are the primary types of infant formulas?

A
  • Milk-based
  • Soy-based
  • Hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed
  • Preterm formulas

Each type serves different dietary needs and sensitivities.

17
Q

What are the advantages of breastfeeding?

A
  • Protection from infection
  • Greater feeding tolerance
  • Lower risk of type I diabetes
  • Fewer gastrointestinal diseases
  • Facilitates bonding

Breastfeeding also assists with maternal weight reduction.

18
Q

What are contraindications for breastfeeding?

A
  • Human immunodeficiency virus
  • Active untreated tuberculosis
  • Galactosemia
  • Herpes simplex if lesions present

Certain medications and drugs of abuse also contraindicate breastfeeding.

19
Q

What triggers milk production after delivery?

A

Decreased levels of progesterone

Breast stimulation helps maintain high prolactin levels for lactation.

20
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Initial milk available to the baby at delivery

It contains concentrated amounts of protein, vitamins, and minerals.

21
Q

What is a sign of successful breastfeeding?

A

The infant is nursing at least 8 times in 24 hours

Other signs include appropriate weight gain and 6-8 wet diapers per day.

22
Q

What should be avoided until breastfeeding is well established?

A

Introducing a pacifier

It’s recommended to wait 3-4 weeks for this.

Newborn Assessment (7 decks)

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