Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What is a single palmar crease associated with?

Answer 1

Trisomy 21

Single palmar crease is a common physical finding in individuals with Down syndrome.

Question 2

What is lymphedema?

Answer 2

Swelling due to lymphatic system blockage

Lymphedema can be a sign of various conditions, including Turner Syndrome.

Question 3

Define plantar flexion.

Answer 3

Flexion of the foot so that the forefoot is lower than the ankle.

Question 4

What does rotation refer to in a musculoskeletal context?

Answer 4

Turning the face to the side.

Question 5

What does valgus mean?

Answer 5

Bent outward or twisted away from the midline of the body.

Question 6

What does varus mean?

Answer 6

Turned inward.

Question 7

Define everted.

Answer 7

Turning out and away from the midline.

Question 8

What does inverted mean?

Answer 8

Turning inward toward the midline.

Question 9

What should be assessed in a general inspection of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 9

• Asymmetry of length or circumference
• Constrictive bands
• Ratio of extremity length to body length
• Newborn’s position of comfort

Question 10

What is palpation used for in musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 10

• Identifying component parts
• Function
• Range of motion
• Muscular contour

Question 11

What is the second most fractured bone in the body?

Answer 11

Humerus.

Question 12

What does flexion refer to?

Answer 12

Bending a limb at a joint.

Question 13

Define extension in the context of musculoskeletal assessment.

Answer 13

Straightening a limb at a joint.

Question 14

What is abduction?

Answer 14

Moving a limb away from the midline.

Question 15

What is adduction?

Answer 15

Moving a limb toward or past the midline.

Question 16

What does pronation mean?

Answer 16

Turning the face down.

Question 17

Define supination.

Answer 17

Turning the face up.

Question 18

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 18

Flexion toward the back (flexion of the foot so that the forefoot is higher than the ankle).

Question 19

What should be included in a general assessment of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 19

• Weight
• Length
• Head circumference
• Symmetry of movement
• Size, shape, alignment, position, symmetry of different parts of the body

Question 20

What are the techniques used in musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 20

• Inspection
• Palpation
• Listening (not auscultation)

Question 21

What is polydactyly?

Answer 21

Having extra fingers or toes.

Question 22

What is syndactyly?

Answer 22

Fusion of fingers or toes.

Question 23

What factors can lead to normal variations in musculoskeletal development?

Answer 23

• Position in utero
• Genetic factors

Question 24

What are some potential causes of abnormal variations in the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 24

• Congenital anomalies
• Birth trauma
• Neurologic system issues

Question 25

What is the significance of prenatal history in musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 25

It is essential for understanding fetal development and identifying potential issues.

Question 26

What does oligohydramnios refer to?

Answer 26

Low amniotic fluid levels during pregnancy.

Question 27

What is the Ortolani maneuver used for?

Answer 27

Assessing hip stability.

Question 28

What is the Galeazzi sign?

Answer 28

A test for hip dislocation by comparing knee heights.

Question 29

What is genu recurvatum?

Answer 29

Hyperextension of the knee.

Question 30

What is metatarsus adductus?

Answer 30

A condition where the front part of the foot is turned inward.

Question 31

What is club foot also known as?

Answer 31

Talipes Equinovarus.

Question 32

What is Erb Palsy?

Answer 32

A condition caused by injury to the upper brachial plexus.

Question 33

What is the normal position of comfort for a newborn?

Answer 33

A position that allows the newborn to feel secure and comfortable.

Question 34

What is the role of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 34

* Provides stability and mobility for all physical activity * Protects vital organs * Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus) * Produces red and white blood cells

Question 35

What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?

Answer 35

* Bones * Joints * Supporting and connecting tissues

Question 36

What is the significance of assessing muscle size and symmetry?

Answer 36

It helps identify abnormalities and potential issues in muscle development.

Question 37

What is truncal tone?

Answer 37

Muscle tone in the trunk area, assessed in newborns.

Question 38

What does the term 'spinal dimples' refer to?

Answer 38

Small indentations found on the lower back, which can indicate underlying issues.