Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is a single palmar crease associated with?
Trisomy 21
Single palmar crease is a common physical finding in individuals with Down syndrome.
What is lymphedema?
Swelling due to lymphatic system blockage
Lymphedema can be a sign of various conditions, including Turner Syndrome.
Define plantar flexion.
Flexion of the foot so that the forefoot is lower than the ankle.
What does rotation refer to in a musculoskeletal context?
Turning the face to the side.
What does valgus mean?
Bent outward or twisted away from the midline of the body.
What does varus mean?
Turned inward.
Define everted.
Turning out and away from the midline.
What does inverted mean?
Turning inward toward the midline.
What should be assessed in a general inspection of the musculoskeletal system?
- Asymmetry of length or circumference
- Constrictive bands
- Ratio of extremity length to body length
- Newborn’s position of comfort
What is palpation used for in musculoskeletal assessment?
- Identifying component parts
- Function
- Range of motion
- Muscular contour
What is the second most fractured bone in the body?
Humerus.
What does flexion refer to?
Bending a limb at a joint.
Define extension in the context of musculoskeletal assessment.
Straightening a limb at a joint.
What is abduction?
Moving a limb away from the midline.
What is adduction?
Moving a limb toward or past the midline.
What does pronation mean?
Turning the face down.
Define supination.
Turning the face up.
What is dorsiflexion?
Flexion toward the back (flexion of the foot so that the forefoot is higher than the ankle).
What should be included in a general assessment of the musculoskeletal system?
- Weight
- Length
- Head circumference
- Symmetry of movement
- Size, shape, alignment, position, symmetry of different parts of the body
What are the techniques used in musculoskeletal assessment?
- Inspection
- Palpation
- Listening (not auscultation)
What is polydactyly?
Having extra fingers or toes.
What is syndactyly?
Fusion of fingers or toes.
What factors can lead to normal variations in musculoskeletal development?
- Position in utero
- Genetic factors
What are some potential causes of abnormal variations in the musculoskeletal system?
- Congenital anomalies
- Birth trauma
- Neurologic system issues
What is the significance of prenatal history in musculoskeletal assessment?
It is essential for understanding fetal development and identifying potential issues.
What does oligohydramnios refer to?
Low amniotic fluid levels during pregnancy.
What is the Ortolani maneuver used for?
Assessing hip stability.
What is the Galeazzi sign?
A test for hip dislocation by comparing knee heights.
What is genu recurvatum?
Hyperextension of the knee.
What is metatarsus adductus?
A condition where the front part of the foot is turned inward.
What is club foot also known as?
Talipes Equinovarus.
What is Erb Palsy?
A condition caused by injury to the upper brachial plexus.
What is the normal position of comfort for a newborn?
A position that allows the newborn to feel secure and comfortable.
What is the role of the musculoskeletal system?
- Provides stability and mobility for all physical activity
- Protects vital organs
- Stores minerals (calcium, phosphorus)
- Produces red and white blood cells
What does the musculoskeletal system consist of?
- Bones
- Joints
- Supporting and connecting tissues
What is the significance of assessing muscle size and symmetry?
It helps identify abnormalities and potential issues in muscle development.
What is truncal tone?
Muscle tone in the trunk area, assessed in newborns.
What does the term ‘spinal dimples’ refer to?
Small indentations found on the lower back, which can indicate underlying issues.
